Author Of 2 Presentations
P0110 - Modulation of cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins by ocrelizumab treatment (ID 1597)
Abstract
Background
Intrathecal production of immunoglobulin (Ig) and the presence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)–specific oligoclonal bands (OCBs) are hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS) that persist throughout the disease course and treatment.
Objectives
To describe baseline (BL) correlations of CSF IgM and IgG production with CSF biomarkers and to assess the pharmacodynamic effects of ocrelizumab (OCR) treatment on these parameters in patients with relapsing MS (RMS) from the Ocrelizumab Biomarker Outcome Evaluation (OBOE) study (NCT02688985).
Methods
Seventy-nine of 100 total patients with RMS had available BL CSF samples for assessment of IgG OCBs, IgG and IgM (measured at University Medical Center Göttingen), with demographic, MRI and clinical parameters representative of the total RMS population. CSF samples at either 12 (n=22), 24 (n=24) or 52 (n=17) weeks postdose and from a 12-week reference arm (no OCR; n=16) were assessed for longitudinal changes.
Results
Median (interquartile range [IQR]) CSF levels at BL were as follows: IgG index, 0.79 (0.63–1.28); IgM index, 0.19 (0.11–0.33); CD3+ T cell number, 2.52 (0.80–5.61) cells/µL; CXCL13, 9.89 (3.91–31.50) pg/mL; CCL19, 47.95 (31.09–70.86) pg/mL; neurofilament light chain (NfL) 1280.0 (828.1–2968.9) pg/mL. At BL, IgG index and IgM index correlated moderately with levels of B cells (r=0.65, r=0.4 respectively), T cells (r=0.54, r=0.3 respectively) and CXCL13 (r=0.58, r=0.43 respectively), but not CCL19 or NfL. IgG index tended to decrease with OCR treatment and was significantly reduced by 52 weeks (n=17/79; median [IQR] change from BL −9.5% [−20.4% to −0.1%]; p<0.02) compared with stable levels in the reference arm. While IgG OCBs were detected at BL in all patients, IgG OCBs tended to decrease with OCR treatment, with three of 17 patients having no detectable IgG OCBs at 52 weeks. Reductions in IgM index were not observed with OCR treatment.
Conclusions
Baseline CSF levels of B cells, T cells and CXCL13 correlated with IgG index and to a lesser degree IgM index in patients with RMS from the OBOE study. Significant reductions were observed in IgG index with OCR treatment, along with a trend toward reduced OCBs, with three patients showing no detectable OCBs. These data suggest that OCR impacts CSF Ig production, a hallmark of MS not previously thought to be affected by B-cell depletion therapy. These 1-year observations need to be confirmed with longer-term data and correlated with clinical response.
P0123 - Ocrelizumab reduces thalamic volume loss and clinical progression in PPMS and RMS independent of baseline NfL and other measures of disease severity (ID 1621)
Abstract
Background
Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a biomarker of neuroaxonal injury in multiple sclerosis (MS). Thalamic atrophy occurs early and may be a sensitive marker of overall brain damage. Ocrelizumab (OCR) reduced brain atrophy and NfL in patients with relapsing MS (RMS) and those with primary progressive MS (PPMS).
Objectives
To examine the independent impact of OCR and baseline (BL) NfL on thalamic volume (TV) and clinical progression in patients with PPMS and RMS, including those with RMS without acute BL activity (i.e. no gadolinium–enhancing [Gd+] lesions or relapse in the last 3 months).
Methods
Patients were from OPERA I/II (RMS, n=1,421) and ORATORIO (PPMS, n=596). Thalamic atrophy was calculated as annualized percentage TV change (PTVC) from Wk 24 to the end of controlled treatment (ORATORIO, Wk 120; OPERA I/II, Wk 96). OCR treatment (vs IFNβ-1a [RMS] or placebo [PPMS]) and log-transformed BL NfL were examined for associations with PTVC (linear regression) and 24-week confirmed disability progression (Cox regression) adjusting for BL demographic and disease characteristics.
Results
In patients with PPMS and RMS, OCR treatment (PTVC: +0.47% and +0.33%, respectively) and lower BL NfL (+0.20% and +0.33% per 2-fold lower NfL) independently associated with a smaller TV reduction (all p<0.005). Adjusting for BL NfL level, Gd+ lesion count, T2 lesion volume and BL disability, OCR still reduced disability progression on Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (PPMS, hazard ratio [HR]=0.73; RMS, HR=0.65; both p<0.05]), 9-Hole Peg Test (9HPT) (PPMS, HR=0.53, p=0.002; RMS, HR=0.52, p=0.059), Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25FW) (PPMS, HR=0.79, p=0.063), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (RMS, HR=0.54, p=0.002) and time to EDSS 6 (RMS, HR=0.42, p=0.009). In patients with PPMS, higher BL NfL was associated with worsening on 9HPT (HR=1.34 per 2-fold higher NfL), T25FW (HR=1.19) and time to EDSS 7 (HR=1.78) (all p<0.05). In patients with RMS without acute BL activity, higher BL NfL was associated with EDSS worsening (HR=1.49), progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) (HR=1.61), 9HPT (HR=2.1) and time to EDSS 6 (HR=2.24) (all p<0.05).
Conclusions
Ocrelizumab treatment remained associated with reduced thalamic atrophy and clinical progression after adjusting for baseline NfL and other factors. Higher BL NfL was associated with increased rates of thalamic atrophy and clinical progression in patients with PPMS and those with RMS without acute disease activity.