Moderator of 1 Session
Presenter of 5 Presentations
THE REPERTOIRE OF AUTOANTIBODIES IN CELIAC DISEASE: ANY NEW ONE? (ID 905)
MICROBIAL TRANSGLUTAMINASE IS A NEW POTENTIAL INDUCER OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE (ID 900)
GLUTEN AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES (ID 866)
O053 - GLUTEN-FREE DIET IN NON-CELIAC AUOIMMUNE DISEASES (ID 89)
Abstract
Background and Aims
Background: A discrepancy exists between the worldwide increased wheat consumption and its popularity and between the scientific observations on the side effects of gluten, the major protein in wheat. Autoimmune disease (AD) incidence increases in parallel. Recently, gluten has been associated with autoimmune properties and even as a contributor to neurodegenerative conditions. In addition, celiac disease is associated with numerous ADs.
Methods
Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Sciences, LILACS and Scielo, 1960-2021, were searched, using the keywords of various ADs and gluten-free diet (GFD). We selected non-celiac ADs, where GFD was studied.
Results
Results: 83 articles in which GFD was used to treat 29 ADs were found. These diseases spanned rheumatic, skin, muscle, connective tissue, intestinal, hepatic and biliary, pancreatic, thyroidal, adrenal, hematological, cardiac, kidney, ocular, gynecological, and cerebral as well. Age ranged from 9 months to 69 years. ADs duration between 0 to 20 ± 13 years. Duration of GFD varied between 1 month to 9 years. Interestingly, improvement of ADs after GFD was observed in 66 out of the 83 studies (79.5%), in 15.7% no changes were seen, in 3.6% worsening was seen and in 2.4% this data was not available. Symptomatic improvement was noticed in 911/1408 patients.
Conclusions
Conclusion: Based on the results, gluten withdrawal was efficient in about 80% of the screened ADs. It might represent a new nutritional therapeutic strategy for autoimmunity. Gluten-induced adverse effects, dysbiosis, leaky gut, cross-linked antibodies, and sequence homology might be some of the pathophysiological mechanisms for the beneficial effect of gluten restriction.
O113 - MICROBIAL TRANSGLUTAMINASE IS A NEW ENVIRONMENTAL INDUCER OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES: POTENTIAL PATHOGENISITY (ID 92)
Abstract
Background and Aims
Background: Microbial transglutaminase (mTG) is a survival mechanism for intestinal luminal prokaryotes and is heavily used in the processed food industry. Lately, mTG was suspected as a new environmental inducer of celiac disease (CD), other autoimmune (ADs), and neurodegenerative conditions. Intriguingly, gluten is a prime substrate for transamidation by the mTG peptide cross-linker. Summarize are the potential pathogenic observations, mechanisms, and pathways in mTG-ADs relationship.
Methods
Methods: A literature search was performed, using PubMed, Google, and Cochrane Library databases, between 2000-2021, searching for mTG and various ADs interactions
Results
Results: MTG-gliadin cross-linked complexes are immunogenic in CD. The enzyme enhances intestinal permeability, suppresses mechanical (mucus) and immunologic (anti phagocytic) enteric protective barriers, stimulates luminal bacterial growth, and augments uptake of gliadin peptide. Interestingly, mTG and gliadin molecules are co-transcytosed through the enterocytes and deposited sub-epithelially, mucosal dendritic cells surface TG induce gliadin endocytosis and mTG treated wheat products are immunoreactive in CD. Gliadin peptides are circulating in the blood and mTG trans passes the mucosal barriers. The resulting immunogenic complexes might be created in the bakeries, food processed industries, enteric lumen, and even in the sub-epithelial compartment, facing the local immune systems.
Conclusions
Conclusions: The regulatory and food safety authorities should reconsider its GRAS status as a processing aid to change it to a food ingredient that should be labeled and thoroughly evaluated for toxicity and public health safety. If substantiated it will affect food product labeling, processed food additive policies, regulatory authorities’ product control, consumer health education, and public health safety.