Abstract
Objectives
Our aim was to review the existing literature on sleep disturbances associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD).
Methods
We conducted a MEDLINE search using polysomnography, sleep and BPD as keywords. We only considered studies published in English and with full text available.
Results
BPD is associated with longer sleep onset latency, and a greater number of awakenings and wake after sleep onset, which are measures of sleep fragmentation. BPD patient’s total sleep time and sleep efficiency are diminished. With respect to sleep architecture, BPD patients have shorter REM (rapid eye movements) latency and greater REM density, as well as increased REM pressure. They also spend less time in deep sleep than healthy controls. These results seem to be independent of comorbid depression.
Conclusions
There are several sleep abnormalities linked to BPD, which compromise the quality of sleep. Some of them seem to overlap those present in major depressive disorder.
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