Welcome to the 21st WCP Virtual Congress Program Scheduling

Objectives

Magnetic resonance imaging and machine learning based brain age prediction of schizophrenia has been well established. However, the diagnostic significance and the effect of early medication in first-episode schizophrenia remains unclear. To explore whether predicted brain age can be used as a biomarker for diagnosis, the relationship between clinical characteristics and brain age, and the effect of early medication.

Methods

In total, 523 diffusion tensor imaging scans from healthy controls were used to build the model. The brain-PAD (predicted brain age minus chronological age) of 60 patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 60 healthy controls, and 21 follow-up patients from the principal dataset were calculated. And the replication dataset included 40 pairs of subjects. The brain-PAD between groups were compared and the correlations between brain-PAD and clinical measurements were analyzed.

Results

The model was proved to have a reliable prediction performance (r = 0.97, mean absolute error [MAE] = 4.62 years). The patients showed a significant increase in brain-PAD compared with healthy controls (principal dataset, P < 0.001; replication dataset, P = 0.027). After early medication, the brain age of patients decreased significantly (P < 0.001). Correlation analysis showed that the age gap was not significant with clinical characteristics.

Conclusions

The brain age of first-episode schizophrenia patients may be older than their chronological age. Early medication holds promise for improving the patient's brain aging. Neuroimaging-based brain age prediction can provide novel insights into the understanding of schizophrenia.

Objectives

Introduction

Suicide is an important public health problem in Colombia. The Coffee Region in Western provinces of Colombia (Caldas, Quindío, Risaralda and North-central Valle del Cauca), where coffee plantations were traditionally located, has among the highest rates.

Objectives:

To identify mental, psychosocial, and life-adversities related risk factors associated with suicides in the Colombian Coffee Region.

Methods

Cases-controls study between 2017 and 2019. Cases and controls (accidental deaths) were selected among deaths whose medicolegal autopsies were performed in the National Forensic Institute of the Coffee Region. Information was collected through psychological autopsies by psychiatrists. Study approved by Ethics Committee of Universidad del Valle, financed by MINCIENCIAS (752-2017). Cases and controls were matched by frequencies, using sex, age group and forensic office. Firth’s logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results

The study included 101 suicide cases and 71 accidental death controls. 78.2% cases and 88.7% controls were male. Cases: 13 to 79 years old, and controls: 17 to 83 years old. In analyses adjusted for matching variables and data source, suicides were associated (p<0.05) with major depression (OR=207.09), bipolar disorder type 1 (OR=63.39), psychiatric diagnosis in first-degree relatives (OR=3.71), previous suicide attempts (OR=13.04), forced labor during adolescence (OR=28.11), physical and verbal abuse by intimate partner (OR=11.46), and unemployment (OR=8.34). In addition, with psychoactive substance use disorder (OR=5.86; p<0.10).

Conclusions

Major depression and bipolar disorder type 1 were found to be strong risk factors for suicides. In addition, forced labor during adolescence appears as a new risk factor in the Western Colombia.

Objectives

Objectives: Suicide and transportation accidents are significant sources of mortality. It was previously reported that misalignments between circadian rhythms and societal demands were associated with behavioral dysregulation. We hypothesized a higher mortality in the Western partition in each time zone and time zone partition- in interaction with indicators of socieconomical indicators of poverty, deprivation, health, education and wellness.

Methods

Methods: Suicide and transport accident mortality from 2010- 2018 were obtained from CDC. Demographic data was obtained from County Health Ranking (2010). Each time zone was divided in three partitions, Eastern, Western and middle (Figure 1). USA were separated at 37.52N latitude in Northern and Southern. Socioeconomical variables were obtained from US Census. Analysis included multivariable linear models with adjustment for county age and gender, with secondary successive stratification for socioeconomical variables.

Figure 1

Results

Results: 2872 counties were included for analysis. In the North, Western partitions had the highest violent suicide rate (p= 0.002) (Figure 2). In the South, the Eastern partitions had the highest violent suicide rate (p=0.028). Similar effects were observed in transportation mortality. Socioeconomical variables flattened, exacerbated or were neutral to partition effects.

Figure 2

Conclusions

Conclusions: This is the first study identifying a partition of the time zone effect for suicide, a replication for accident mortality, and a confirmation of socioeconomical interactions in predicting violent death.

Acknowledgement: Supported by the Rocky Mountain MIRECC

Objectives

Objectives. Suicides are supposed to drop on the population level at the acute phase of any serious crisis. Recent studies have already revealed that in many countries there was no increase, on the contrary, there was a decrease in the number of suicides since the pandemic began. However, in the Russian Federation, the situation was not evaluated widely.

Methods

Methods. We are collecting data on completed suicides from all federal subjects of Russia using psychiatric and forensic medicine resources. Here we present standardized data from 17 entities, including both capitals (Moscow and Saint-Petersburg) and covering territories in all eight federal districts of Russia, comprising a population of 47.8 mln. Monthly data (untill September 2020) were used to calculate suicide frequencies and confidence intervals according to Wilson. Rates in 2020 were compared to average in corresponding months in 2016-2019.

Results

Results. The most frequent pattern was the lowering of suicides in April-May 2020, it was observed in 12 populations (in 5 of them – significant), in 3 there was no difference, while in 2 there was a rise. After initial lowering the most common pattern was returning to average level or short-time rise. The observed effect may be attributed to the intense information pressure and containment measures; it seems to correlate positively with the level of urban development.

Conclusions

Conclusions. Our analysis confirms more general international observations. It is preliminary and has limitations (there is a general downwards trend in Russia recently) and has to be verified using time series analysis tools.

Objectives

The paper aims to investigate the relationship between perceived discrimination of Turkish immigrants and mental disorders.

Methods

159 participants (74 male, 46.3% and 84 female, 52.5%) between 18 and 70 years were surveyed through a specifically created questionnaire. Additionally, face to face interviews were held to gain more insights into participants perception of discrimination. The relationship between socio-demographic parameters such as gender, age, socio-economic status (education, income, employment) and having mental disorders with perceived discrimination were correlated.

Results

The preliminary findings illustrate that participants had psychological distress (47.5%), sleep disorders (31.3%) and depression (29.4 %) when they experienced perceived discrimination during the last ten years. Perceived discrimination was positively related to sleep disorder among male participants (p=.001) and psychological distress among participants between 51-60 years old (p<.005). Furthermore, the perception that discrimination in Germany has increased during last 10 years is higher among Turkish immigrants between the ages of 51-60. 54.4 % of them think that Turkish immigrants in Germany have to bring more performance at work and put more effort into being equally accepted in Germany in the society. 25% of Turkish immigrants believe they experienced discrimination in the health sector for example from a health worker such as a doctor or a nurse in Germany.

Conclusions

There is a relationship between being discriminated and having psychological disorders among Turkish immigrants. We are in need of specific prevention for these groups and precautions by the government to avoid negative impact of discrimination on the mental health of immigrants

Objectives

Mental health-related stigma occurs not only within the public community, but it is a growing issue among professionals as well. We designed a cross-sectional, observational, multi-center, international study of 36 European countries to investigate the attitudes towards patients among medical specialists and trainees in the field of general adult, child, and adolescent psychiatry.

Methods

An internet-based, anonymous survey will measure the stigmatizing attitude by using the local version of the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers. Data gathering started in July 2020 and will continue until June 2021. A total of 3247 psychiatric practitioners have completed our survey up until now.

Results

62% (n=2016) of the participants have a friend or family member who suffers from mental illness and 39% of them (n=1251) have sought help for their own mental health problems. Those who sought help for their own problems had less stigmatizing attitudes towards patients (median total sores 29 vs 32 p<0.0001). Participants who are open to case discussion groups and those who provide psychotherapy presented more favorable attitudes than those who do not (median total scores 30 vs 34 and 30 vs 32 p<0.0001 for both).

Conclusions

Our study highlights the importance of the lived experience of mental health professionals who sought help for their psychiatric disorders, as well as the importance of psychotherapy, case discussion groups in the attitude of psychiatrists. We hope that this study will draw attention to the need for developing and tailoring anti-stigma interventions for healthcare professionals including psychiatrists.

Objectives

Inclusion in employment activities has been inequitable for persons with psychosocial disabilities (PSD). India attempts to address this issue by reserving quotas within public sector jobs while encouraging the private sector to do similarly. Per the UNCRPD compliant Rights of Persons with Disabilities act of 2016, government and government aided institutions must reserve at least 4% of their employment vacancies for those with disabilities. Proximal to this process, suitable jobs must be identified for the roll out of these reservations.

Aim: To report on inclusion of persons with PSD under the notified list of jobs for PwD under all government establishments.

Methods

The notification was analysed descriptively for the ‘suitability’ recommendations for various job designations and categories of disabilities was elaborated.

Results

This notification identified a total of 3442 posts with 1046 Group A, 515 Group B, 1600 group C and 281 Group D posts. The results are displayed in Table 1.

Conclusions

Total posts identified for PSD was 3172 posts out of 3442 posts. A large number of posts were identified as unavailable for PSD merely due to the presence of a disability which is not in the spirit of UNCRPD.

Objectives

To assess the level and quality of belief in a population.

Methods

A survey of 125 educated Pakistani early middle aged educated people was conducted to acertain belief levels and quality.

Results

55% were male

50% were single

85% were less than 40 years old

95% were Muslim and 63% were practicing

Key responses were:

Is belief important in life? 90% yes;

Does belief shape life? 90% yes;

Do you believe climate change? 85% yes;

Do you believe the weatherman? 23.5% yes;

Do you believe your friends? 60% yes;

Do you believe in God? 92% yes;

Do you believe in an afterlife? 92% yes;

Do you believe in science? 94% yes;

Do you believe science will save the planet? 10% yes;

Do you think that belief is an intrinsic part of human nature? 83% yes;

Could a person live without belief? 53% No, 36% yes.

Is belief important in your life? 95% yes

Does belief shape your life 85% yes – religious belief80%; human belief 20%; Both 90%

How does belief affect your life? 95% positive; praise acknowledge God 45%; Guidance, better person, humble.

Conclusions

The influence of belief on lifestyle and behaviour is profound pervasive and life determining. This is a snapshot of an educated English speaking community in Pakistan. Belief patterns such as belief in people you trust, who are friend or family, or who are honest and dependable, and belief in God were most prevalent. Man is called Homo Sapiens but could equally be called Homo Credens.

Objectives

To plan effective school-based adolescent suicide prevention strategies, there is a need for valid epidemiology data. This study aimed to estimate the lifetime and current (1-month) prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behaviours (ideation, planning, and attempt) among secondary school adolescents in Kaduna, Nigeria.

Methods

It was a cross-sectional survey of 600 adolescents aged 11-18 years with a mean age of 15.4 years (SD = 1.98) recruited from 24 secondary schools. The survey tool consisted of the socio-demographic and school-related questionnaire, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID)-Suicidality and Depression Modules, Modified WHO/UNODC Student Drug Use Questionnaire, Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale (MPVS) and Oslo Social Support Scale. Suicidal behaviours (ideation, plan and attempt)- lifetime and current- were also assessed.

Results

The lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation was 30.3%, non-suicidal self-injury, 6.2% and suicide attempt, 2.3%. The current prevalence for suicidal ideation was 6%, suicidal plan, 0.7% and suicide attempt, 0.7%. Independent predictors of lifetime suicidality: Adolescents from the Christian faith, polygamous family background, having lived with two or more people away from parents, penultimate class students, depression and “social manipulation” victimization. Significant predictors of current suicidality: Female, depression and “attacks on property” victimization. Psychoactive substance use and Available social support were not independent predictors of suicidality in this sample.

Conclusions

This shows a huge burden of suicidality and there were socio-demographic, family, school-related and mental health-related factors. Thus, there is an urgent need to consider these factors in formulating an effective evidence-based and culturally appropriate adolescent suicide prevention programme in Nigeria.

Objectives

The aim was to study the effectiveness of an otago-based exercise program for the elderly in terms of quality of life factors, fear of falls and mental health.

Methods

100 elderly were evaluated before and after intervention. The intervention consisted of the Otago exercise program. According to protocol, the Otago program is proposed to include: (a) frequency of treatment (3 sessions per week), (b) duration of treatment (from 30 minutes to a maximum of 60 minutes), and (c) duration of program (12 weeks). It included warm-up, strengthening, balance and recovery exercises from the Otago program. Otago exercise brochure was given to the individuals who implemented the program.

Results

Regarding the quality of life the test result was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Therefore, the change in the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale varies between the two groups. In the Otago group the average score decreased by 0.648 points (SD = 0.336) while in the Control group it increased by 0.027 points (SD = 0.053).

Regarding the fear of fall and depression, similar results emerged. The intervention group's score was statistically significant

Conclusions

This exercise program improved the quality of life of older people and improved the values of depression and fear of falling. The results of the correlations in this research show that a serious level of anxiety about falling corresponds to negative escalation of the other scales of quality of life and depression. Important future extensions of treatment implementation are discussed. Finally, the important role of exercise in quality of life is emphasized and suggested