Welcome to the 21st WCP Virtual Congress Program Scheduling

Objectives

COVID-19 has posed unique challenges for adolescents in different dimensions of their life including education, home and social life, mental and physical health. The aim of the present study was to explore impacts of the pandemic on the adolescents’ everyday lives in Pakistan.

Methods

Following ethical approval, this cross-sectional study was conducted through September to December, 2020 via an online survey on 842 adolescents with the mean age of 17.14 ± SD 1.48. Socio-demographic data and Epidemic Pandemic Impact Inventory-Adolescent Adaptation (EPII-A) was used to assess the multi-dimensional effects of the pandemic.

Results

Among the 842 participants, 84% were girls. Education emerged as the most negatively affected Pandemic domain (41.6-64.3%). Most of the adolescents (62.0-65.8%) had reported changes in responsibilities at home including increased time spent in helping family members. Besides, increase in workload of participants and their parents was prominent (41.8% & 47.6%). Social activities were mostly halted for approximately half (41-51%) of the participants. Increased screen time, decreased physical activity and sedentary lifestyle were reported by 52.7%, 46.3% and 40.7% respectively. 22.2-62.4% of the adolescents had a direct experience with quarantine, while 15.7% experienced death of a close friend or relative. Positive changes in their lives were endorsed by 30.5-62.4% respondents. Being male and older adolescents had significant association with negative impact across most domains (p<0.05).

Conclusions

Results have shown that COVID-19 exert significant multidimensional impacts on the physical, psycho-social, and home related domains of adolescents that are certainly more than what the previous researches has suggested.

Objectives

Background: Koro is a culture-bound syndrome characterized by a fear that the penis is retracting, experiencied with intense suffering. Originally associated with Southeast Asian cultures, a large number of cases have been reported beyond the cultural boundary, leading to a debate concerning the culture-specific nature of the syndrome.

Objectives: To highlight the relevance of koro syndrome.

Methods

Methods: literature was searched using Pubmed database with the following keywords “Koro” and “culture-bound syndromes”. Retrieved papers (2007-2020) were selected according to their relevance.

Results

Results: A 34-year-old portuguese man admitted at the emergency psychiatry unit on January 4th 2021 reported that, after drinking wine he experienced a sudden feeling that his penis was shrinking into his body associated with a huge fear of loss of manhood. Notoriously anxious, the patient explanation for the situation was that the wine might have been poisoned.

Past Psychiatry history included cannabinoids consumption beginning at the age of 17 with simultaneous depressive symptoms. The patient reported that over the years he had been experiencing periods of hypomania, followed by depressive periods associated with cannabis consumption.

The patient was admitted at the acute psychiatry unit and begun treatment with antipsychotic which led to the remission of the delusional belief.

Conclusions

Conclusions: Although Koro is classified as a culture-bound syndrome, koro-like syndromes are describe worldwide and the explanations for the delusional shrinkage belief vary between cultures. For example, in African cases the penis is believed to be stolen, specifically for magical purposes.

Objectives

The primary objective was to systematically review the empirical evidence relating to models and guidance for providing effective feedback in clinical supervision, occurring in postgraduate medical education contexts. A secondary objective was to identify the common and differentiating components of models and guidance for providing effective feedback in this context.

Methods

A systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. Empirical records were critically appraised. Qualitative content analysis was applied to the models and external guidance on effective and ineffective feedback provision to identify key principles. Principles were reviewed for empirical support and total supporting sources. A composite model was created synthesising the guidance identified.

Results

Fifty-one records met the inclusion criteria, including 12 empirical. Evidence supporting specific models and guidance was limited, with only 10% of models subjected to empirical research and most studies low on the hierarchy of evidence-based medicine. However, evidence was available to support all of the commonly identified principles. Additionally, there was general consensus regarding the principles of effective feedback in clinical supervision in postgraduate medical education, including: establishing an educational alliance; timeliness; seeking supervisee self-assessment; commenting on what was done well and areas for improvement; being specific; basing on first-hand behavioural observations; providing an actionable amount of information; exploring supervisee view of feedback; and collaboratively developing an improvement plan.

Conclusions

While limited evidence is available, there is general agreement about guidance for providing effective feedback and evidence to support common principles. The principles and model emerging from this review are envisaged to be of practical assistance.

Objectives

The psychiatrist, Milton Erickson, wrote that "psychotherapy is the art of replacing bad stories with good stories." Psycholinguists are understanding now that human activities occur within a narrative structure and that memory and identity are also narrative constructs. Traditional indigenous healers have used storytelling for centuries as a form of psychotherapy. Stories were used to teach people values, how to relate to one another including gender relationships, how to view the world, and how to live a good life. This still occurs though often outside of professional awareness.

Methods

Using the "Hearts of Change" therapeutic rating system, psychotherapy clients rated how effective they believed the session was. We looked at the sessions rated most powerful and asked what stories and metaphors were told in those sessions using the therapist's case notes.

Results

The metaphors associated with the most effective sessions typically arose from remarks made by the client which were then augmented by the psychotherapist and woven into a narrative. Stories associated with more effective sessions had powerful characters with which the client identified, sometimes in ways in which the psychotherapist had not predicted.

Conclusions

Stories and storytelling can be used to render psychotherapy more effective. Metaphors carry the power within stories to make the invisible visible or the hidden obvious. Metaphors and strong characters with which the client identifies make a story therapeutic. Effective stories can include traditional cultural stories, stories from popular culture, and personal stories about one’s self, one’s family, or one’s friends that are used for therapeutic ends.

Objectives

Limited studies have looked at sex differences in psychiatric comorbidities in adolescents with ASD. This study aims to explore and understand sex differences in psychiatric comorbidities in adolescents with ASD through a large inpatient sample data.

Methods

The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) dataset (Jan-2016 to Dec-2018) was used for this study. Patient n having ASD were selected (age 12-17) based on the ICD-10 code that starts with F84. Data on psychiatric comorbidities were collected and compared by gender.

Results

A total of 61,120 patient records with the comorbid diagnosis of ASD were included in this study. In the analysis by gender, average age was similar between the groups. There was no significant difference noted in the racial distribution between males and females (p:0.52). Mood disorders (37.4% vs. 44.1%, p < 0.001) and anxiety disorders (29.4% vs. 37.0%, p < 0.001) were more prevalent in females compared to males. Personality disorders were more prevalent among females (0.9% vs. 2.2%, p < 0.001). Prevalence of ADHD and other conduct disorders was significantly higher in male than females (47.7% vs. 36.7%, p < 0.001). More females had sleep-wake disorders compared to males (9.4% vs. 11.0%, p:0.01). Substance use disorders were slightly higher among male compared to females (3.7% vs. 3.0%, p:0.04).

Conclusions

Our study findings revealed statistically significant disparities in psychiatric comorbidities among adolescent male and female patients with ASD. Our retrospective study could serve as a pilot for larger-scale research on this patient population in the future.

Objectives

The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the issue of institutional violence encountered by psychiatrized children and youth when mental health services are inadequate and police services are called for support.

Methods

Presented are the outcomes of a narrative study of thirteen interviews with six child and youth mental health practitioners and seven caregivers, with a child between 12 and 24 years old involved with the mental health system and a history of police involvement. The focus of the interviews was on the experiences young people involved with the mental health system, and their caregivers, have of policing and police encounters.

Results

There were two main outcomes: 1) the overt and subtle natures of police encounters as institutional violence, and 2) the ways in which the violence and its conditions were upheld by intersecting and interlocking systems of oppression – by sanism, ageism, classism, racism and sexism.

Conclusions

In light of these outcomes, a call is made for dismantling the policing of childhood, children, and children’s mental health, and for a framework that works towards the depsychiatrization of distress and distressed children and youth. Instead, an approach to practice is called that centers children’s epistemologies in the development of theories about their realities, and in the implementation of services intended to support their lives.