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Objectives

Our aim is to evaluate the adaptive capacity, the functional state of the gifted adolescents’ organisms under external potential stressor. The solution of the problem for gifted adolescents identical to the responsibility and overload of psychophysiological state of the athlete or pilot.

Methods

The research has been conducted in schools of Yerevan, RA. The initial sample consisted of 500 high school students aged 16-18. Renzulli's Three-Ring Conception of Giftedness was used to reveal gifted adolescents.

In the course of study 35 of 500 participants were defined as gifted. The quasi-experimental design has been used with 35 participants in the comparison and experiment group each. For comparative analyses, we used Cardiograph’s signal analysis software.

As a potential stressor, the intellectual workload was selected. The ECG indicators have been recorded for 5 minutes each before and after the intellectual workload.

Results

According to the results gifted adolescents demonstrate expressed - 62% (5-6 scales), and moderate - 26% (2-4) functional tension levels. The levels of pronounced -10% (7-8) and Overstrain-3% (9) were recorded only after the intellectual workload, fixing the maximum degree of tension. The picture of the control group is as follows: moderate-59%, expressed-26%, norm-14%.

Conclusions

The level of stress in gifted adolescents is higher than that of the control group and rises in case when the task wasn't solved. This means that the functional resources of these adolescents are reduced, they are under an emotional stress, with inadequate adaptability of the organism, the chronic nature of which can cause psychological and physiological diseases.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess whether life events and difficulties (LEDs) in the last year before the index episode and childhood adversities influence response to antidepressants in major depression in adulthood.

Methods

In this investigation, all patients submitted to Texas Medication Algorithm Project (TMAP), who did not remit after at least two treatments with a minimum duration of 4 weeks each were considered resistant to treatment (therapeutic attempts may be extended over a period of 9 months). Demographic, clinical, psychopathological and treatment variables were compared in a univariate analysis between treatment-resistant and non treatment-resistant groups. A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the contribution of each independent significant variable to the probability of treatment resistance.

Results

Several differences were found between the two groups in the univariate analysis, namely higher levels of maternal antipathy, physical violence, and sexual abuse in the group of patients resistant to treatment. Parental physical violence, maternal antipathy, and sexual abuse before 17 entered the logistic regression model. The analysis resulted in three predictors: LED of the dimension entrapment/humiliation (OR=4.604; 95% CI=1.944-10.901), sexual abuse before 17 (OR=3.608; 95% CI=1.263-10.306) and initial defeat (OR=1.070; 95% CI=1.026-1.115). This model explains 35.3% of the variance.

Conclusions

Childhood sexual abuse is known to be related to a negative course of depression, so it is important to assess whether patients have suffered significant adversities in their childhood. Thereby, it is possible to work on these traumas to mitigate their impact during life and treatment of patients with treatment-resistant depression.

Objectives

Objectives: Individuals with bipolar disorder have a reduced life expectancy and may experience accelerated biological ageing. In individuals with bipolar disorder and healthy controls, we examined differences in age-related changes in physiology.

Methods

Methods: The UK Biobank recruited >500,000 participants, aged 37-73, between 2006–2010. Generalised additive models were used to examine associations between age and grip strength, cardiovascular function, body composition, lung function and bone mineral density.

Results

Results: The main dataset included 272,462 adults (mean age = 56.04 years, SD = 8.15; 49.51% females). We found statistically significant differences between bipolar disorder cases and controls for grip strength, blood pressure, pulse rate and body composition, with standardised mean differences of up to -0.238 (95% CI -0.282 to -0.193). There was limited evidence of differences in lung function, heel bone mineral density or arterial stiffness. Case-control differences were most evident for age-related changes in cardiovascular function (in both sexes) and body composition (in females). These differences did not uniformly narrow or widen with age and differed by sex. For example, the difference in systolic blood pressure between male cases and controls was -1.3 mmHg at age 50 and widened to -4.7 mmHg at age 65. Diastolic blood pressure in female cases was 1.2 mmHg higher at age 40 and -1.2 mmHg lower at age 65.

Conclusions

Conclusions: Differences between bipolar disorder cases and controls were most evident for cardiovascular and body composition measures. Targeted screening for cardiovascular and metabolic health in middle age is warranted to potentially mitigate excess mortality.

Objectives

To study the relationship between suicidal behaviours and negative events in childhood in patients followed for bipolar disorder.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study carried out on a clinical population who consult in the psychiatry department in Sfax's university hospital Hedi Chaker. Sociodemographic and clinical data of the patients were assessed. The evaluation of psychopathological disorders was carried out according to the diagnosis criteria of the DSM-5. Negative childhood events were assessed using the Adverse Childhood Experience-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ)

Results

Hundred patients were included. The mean age was 41.8 ± 12.8 years with a sex ratio of 5,6. They were followed for bipolar disorder type I in 73% of cases and type II in 27% of cases.

In our study population, 40 patients (40%) had previously attempted suicide during the course of their illness. The average ACE-IQ score was 2.99 with extremes of 0 and 11. A history of more than four traumatic childhood events was noted in 39 patients (39%). A history of childhood emotional neglect was significantly more common in patients with bipolar disorder and suicidal behaviours (p=0.04). All the others types of negative childhood events were not correlated to suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder.

Conclusions

Emotional neglect during childhood seems to be a risk factor for suicidal behaviours in patients with bipolar disorder.

Objectives

Past research demonstrates the link between BPD symptoms and partner aggression or interpersonal violence (e.g., Maneta et al., 2013), attachment insecurity, and frequent break ups (e.g., Bouchard, 2009). However, little is known about romantic partners involved with women suffering from BPD. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to investigate the personality traits, clinical profile, traumatic childhood experiences, as well as hormonal outcomes in men dating women with BPD.

Methods

The total sample consisted out of 24 male participants (12 partners of female BPD participants, 12 partners of female healthy control (HC) participants). The NEO-FFI was used to determine personality traits within BPD partners. Additionally, the SCID-4-SPQ, the CTQ, as well as the STAI were administered. One saliva sample was taken via passive drool 45 minutes after entering the laboratory.

Results

Men involved with women suffering from BPD had lower testosterone levels, significantly higher amounts of sexual abuse and inconsistency, trending higher amounts of emotional abuse (CTQ), and higher amounts of state anxiety compared to HC men. There was a significant difference regarding personality traits between the two groups: BPD partners had higher scores on the scales neuroticism and openness, as well as higher scores on the anxious (avoidant) personality disorder screening questionnaire.

Conclusions

Overall, the findings demonstrate differences in testosterone levels and traumatic childhood experiences between HC partners and BPD partners, as well as differing personality profiles. These findings are aligning with past research stating that BPD partners suffer from at least one personality disorder (Bouchard et al., 2009).