Testosterone has an anti-inflammatory effect in the EAE animal model of multiple sclerosis. Additional effects have recently been highlighted through the protection of neurons against glutamate-induced toxicity and oxidative stress, and the formation and regeneration of myelin mediated by the androgenic neural receptor. Clinical trials with testosterone are scarce and exploratory but interesting effect on brain atrophy have been observed and support the potential of testosterone treatment to reduce neurodegeneration associated with MS.