Abstract
Converging information from genetics, neuropathology and in-dept molecular profiling of immune cells points to the pathogenic involvement of T and B cells in MS. The role of newly identified lymphocyte subsets, such as follicular helper CD4 T cells and tissue-resident CD8 T cells and of functionally polarized B and T cells will be discussed. The target antigens of this deleterious adaptive immune response remain largely unknown. New candidate antigens have been described. This new knowledge fuels the aim to more finely therapeutically interfere with the immune processes underlying MS.