Welcome to the IUMS 2022 Interactive Program
The congress will officially run on Central European Summer Time (UTC+2) - Rotterdam Time
To convert the congress times to your local time Click Here
The viewing of sessions and E-Posters cannot be accessed from this congress calendar.
All content is accessible only via the IUMS Virtual Platform.
- F. Hagen (Netherlands)
Gut Mycobiome
- R. Van den Wijngaard (Netherlands)
Abstract
Abstract Body
Because the gut mycobiome comprises a relatively small part of the human gut microbiome, the role of gut fungi in health and disease received relatively little attention so far. During recent years however, it became clear that, similar to the bacterial microbiota, mycobiota dysbiosis can be linked to several gastrointestinal diseases. Whereas these early studies showed associations only, there now is a growing (preclinical)-literature providing mechanistic evidence on the role of the gut mycobiome in e.g. inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This presentation will mostly focus on the possible role of the gut mycobiome in these two diseases.
Plastic Degradation
- C. De Tender (Belgium)
IMPROVED EXTRACTION OF LIGNOCELLULOSE DEGRADING ENZYMES FROM IRPEX LACTEUS
- L. Mezule (Latvia)
Abstract
Background and Aims
Lignocellulosic biomass can be used as a source for energy, fuel and valuable chemical production. Nevertheless, practical and industrial scale application is still limited due to either high conversion costs, low efficiency or environmental issues (unsustainable technologies for conversion like concentrated acid hydrolysis). From all technologies, biological approaches have been recognized as the most sustainable ones, however, the need for specific and expensive lignocellulose degrading enzymes and generally slow conversion rates (from one to several days) still set this technology aside. The need for new enzyme formulations that have lower production costs, compatibility with current commercial products (currently being produced in a limited group of large enterprises) and better use conditions is still topical. Within this research we aim to develop enzyme products from white rot fungi Irpex lacteus and other wood decay fungi.
Methods
Fungal growth was performed in laboratory scale reactor system under various mixing conditions. Enzyme extraction was performed with protein sedimentation or membrane separation. Subsequent enzyme characterization was performed by representative FPU, CMC assays and hydrolysis tests within project No.1.1.1.1/18/A075.
Results
The results demonstrated comparable conversion efficiency in less than 30 hours at mild environmental conditions. Introduction of ultrasound pre-treatment during enzyme extraction, have improved the recovered enzyme yields for more than 20%. Furthermore, the production is less sensitive than previously described, e.g., in terms of fungal growth and incubation conditions.
Conclusions
Subsequent validation of the produced enzyme products has demonstrated the ability to produce as much as 0.4 g of fermentable carbohydrates per g of dry biomass.
STRONG IMPACT OF MICROCLIMATIC, CLIMATIC, AND ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS ON CULTIVABLE SOIL MICROFUNGAL COMMUNITIES IN A CANYON AT THE NORTHERN ISRAEL.
- I. Grishkan (Israel)
Abstract
Background and Aims
The study aimed to examine the effect of microclimatic, climatic, and anthropogenic factors on soil culturable microfungal communities at the Nahal (wadi) Metzar (the Golan Heights, Israel) consisting of the mesic temperate north-facing slope (NFS) and the more xeric south-facing slope (SFS).
Methods
For isolation of microfungi, the soil dilution plate method was employed.
Results
A total of 94 fungal species from 47 genera was isolated. The communities' composition was subjected to the pronounced spatial (interslope) and seasonal (summer-winter) variations. While xerotolerant melanin-containing species and thermotolerant Aspergillus spp. predominated in the soil of SFS, peaking up in the summer, mesophilic Penicillium spp. were especially abundant at the NFS. The quantitative parameter – density of isolates, exhibited the strongest seasonal variations being more sensitive to the fluctuation in soil temperature and moisture. Comparison of microfungal communities in the currently recovered and previously disturbed soil at the SFS displayed the variations in communities' composition and diversity level. Comparison of the NFS microfungal communities isolated from undisturbed soil in the summer 2002 and 2019 revealed changes in the community structure, which could be related to global warming.
Conclusions
The microclimatic and edaphic differences of the wadi slopes caused significant variations in the diversity of mycobiota. The intensive pasturage followed by soil degradation led to the simplification of microfungal communities, decreasing their diversity level, and caused the prevalence of species with different ecological preferences. The changes possibly related to global warming were associated with stress-tolerant fungal traits, which might be useful under increasing soil temperature and desiccation.