Introduction

Possible explanation for well-known mismatch between the objective and subjective quality of sleep is that subjective sleep appraisals are the result of a personal decisions and generalization. According to theory of self-regulation in health and illness (Leventhal et al., 2002), in patients with sleep disorders subjective appraisals could be moderated by emotional condition and beliefs about sleep disturbances.

Objectives

The aim was to study psychological factors of subjective sleep appraisals at a particular night and in general in patients with insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea.

Methods

46 patients with sleep apnea syndrome and 93 patients with chronic insomnia underwent a neurological examination, filled out a Sleep Quality Checklist, a Screening for Sleep Apnea, an Epworth Sleepiness Scale, a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, a Checklist for Subkective Reasons of Sleep Disorders. Polysomnography was recorded for 1 night.

Results

A general appraisal of sleep in both groups is associated with the duration of falling asleep and the latent period of delta sleep, while a specific appraisal of sleep quality is associated with the duration of delta sleep, REM sleep and the number of sleep cycles. Anxiety and beliefs about sleep sensitivity were associated with the worst assessment of sleep in the case of longer delta-sleep (β=-.21 - -0,14, p<0,05, ΔR²=2,0%-4.1%, p<0,05).

Conclusions

In both patients with insomnia and sleep apnea anxiety and beliefs about sleep sensitivity but not depression moderate the relationship between delta-sleep and subjective sleep. Research is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-013-00740.

Introduction

Sleep problems are very common, have an impact on social interaction, behavior and quality of life of child and family. Research of sleep disorders in ASD are important for prevention, early detection and proper treatment.

Objectives

to determine sleep disorders and EEG night sleep patterns in children with ASD.

Methods

retrospective analysis of the medical records of 22 children (17 boys, 5 girls) aged 2 to 12 years with ASD (according to DSM-5 criteria) with delayed speech development. Аnamnestic, clinical and instrumental data and a sleep questionnaire, night video EEG monitoring (NVEEM) for 8-11 hours in the state of wakefulness and physiological sleep (Nicolet One, CareFusion, USA) were used.

Results

according to sleep questionnaires 36% of patients were noted complaints of sleep disorders. 19 children (86%) had frequent partial and full awakenings, a significant reduction of slow sleep. There was some single deepening of sleep to stage III, mainly in the first cycle, and physiological patterns of stage II were irregular. Atypical patterns of stage II were registered in 7 children (32%). Epileptiform activity was registered in 11 (50%) children. 3 (14%) children had Benign childhood epileptiform discharges (BEDs). 2 children were diagnosed with epilepsy. In 3 (14%) children, the structure and duration of sleep were not disturbed.

Conclusions

parents complained about sleep disorders 2.4 times less than detected sleep disorders (86%) in children by EEG. Sleep questionnaires help to focus the attention of parents and doctors on the presence of sleep problems. Recorded epileptiform activity (50%) requires the supervision of a neurologist.

Introduction

In emergency departments, workers regularly report unfavorable working conditions. It’s a stressful workplace with excessive workloads, high demands on patient care including exposure to violence, time pressures and overcrowding.

Objectives

-Identify the prevalence of violence, psychological distress and job stress in the emergency department.

-Investigate risk factors of aggression among emergency department staff.

Methods

This study is a descriptive-cross sectional analysis study conducted on emergency department staff. Data were collected through a questionnaire including sociodemographic information, circumstances of the aggression, the Karasek questionnaire, and the GHQ-12 (General Health Questionnaire).

Results

Our study included 62 health workers. Half of the population were physicians. The prevalence of assault was estimated at 59.6%. Psychological distress was noted in 64.5% of cases. Occupational stress was estimated at 75.8%. The most common type of assault was verbal aggression (86.4%). The aggressor was most often an accompanying person. The occurrence of violence was not associated with the worker’s psychological distress or job stress. On the other hand, we noted an association between aggression and variable work schedule.

Conclusions

Violence against healthcare workers in the emergency department is an important phenomenon. Preventive actions should be taken to improve health professional wellbeing at work.

Introduction

This paper document mental health of employees working in the customer service, where advisors experimented several stressing conditions due to competitive objective requested by employers.

Objectives

Document presence of neuropsychiatric diseases among customer service advisors

Methods

Difference in neuropsychiatric diseases for male/female and part-time/full time workers were assessed with unpaired sample t-tests and linear regression

Results

Table 1: Profile of people working in customer service in Canada

Table 2: Neuropsychiatric diseases among customer service employees

Conclusions

The present study alerts on the potential effect of working full time in a call center as a risk factor for neuropsychiatric illnesses. Customer service employees are exposed to a continuous stimulation of their cognitive functions in addition to different stressors which can progressively and silently damage the nervous system.

Introduction

There exists a bidirectional relationship between substance use and sleep disorders. Studies have shown an association between insomnia and a decline in immunity with cytokines having sleep-inhibiting effects. Insomnia severity has also been found to be directly proportional to the levels of cortisol and C-reactive protein (CRP) elevation. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBTI) has demonstrated comparable efficacy with longer maintenance duration after treatment discontinuation in randomized controlled trials of direct comparisons with sleep medication in patients with chronic insomnia.

Objectives

The ultimate aim of this study is to recognize measure and target insomnia among chronic cannabis users seeking treatment.

Methods

We recruited 13 participants who have cannabis use disorder with concomitant insomnia at the American University of Beirut Medical Center. Participants completed the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) questionnaire, and a screener for depression and anxiety the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) before/after CBTI. Participants wore an actigraphy device 1week pre/post CBTI. Blood samples were taken before/after CBTI. Participants received 4 CBTI sessions over two weeks. Statistical significance was determined by Paired-Samples T test.

Results

Preliminary results showed a significant decrease in insomnia (ISI) among participants (0.005). PHQ-4 scores showed a significant decrease in depression/anxiety symptoms (0.007). Actigraphy data showed significant decrease in sleep onset latency (0.007).

Conclusions

This pilot study showed that CBTI is efficient in reducing insomnia severity, depression and anxiety symptoms, and sleep onset latency among cannabis use disorder patients. The findings of this study will help in developing further avenues of research relating to sleep, substance abuse and treatment options.

Introduction

Since insomnia is diagnosed based on subjective reports, it is difficult to validate objectivity in the diagnosis and determination of treatment effect. Most past studies dealing with the difference between subjective and objective sleep have been conducted with insomnia patients and have examined the characteristics of underestimating objective sleep.

Objectives

The objective of this study is to investigate characteristics of mid-aged community dwellers who over- and under-estimate their sleep duration.

Methods

We used the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center cohort. Among 4060 individuals, 922 completed accelerometer substudy for 7 days. Excluding outliers, a total of 887 individuals’ data was analyzed. We defined the group of overestimating and the group of underestimating sleep duration on a six-hour basis. We compared the over/underestimating groups with each control group in terms of sociodemographic, clinical, subjectively reported sleep, daytime activities, and social network characteristics.

Results

The group that underestimate their sleep duration (n=47) showed larger social network size (OR=1.354, p=0.020) and more difficulties in sleep induction (OR=6.068, p<0.01) than the controls (n=317). The overestimating group (n=103) showed higher prevalence of living with their partners (OR=2.264, p=0.033), more satisfaction with their economic status (OR=1.732, p=0.034), and more feeling intimacy with their social network members (OR= 1.481, p=0.006) than the control group (n=420).

Conclusions

It is a novel study investigating characteristics of differences between subjective and objective sleep with non-clinical and middle-aged cohorts. Furthermore, it is meaningful finding that the social network-related factors can have effect on the subjective and objectively-measured sleep differences.

Introduction

The learning process for medical students has always been stressful. The memorization of big amount of informartion by a certain time leads an inexperienced student to mental exhaustion.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to identify the level of procrastination and stress in medical students, differences in the level of procrastination and stress in groups with low and high achievement.

Methods

The study uses a questionnaire method, the statistical method (SPSS). Two groups of medical students were selected among RUDN medical students (22±2 years). The mean score in the group with low achievement (n=75) in all subjects was 64±4. The group with high achievement (n=75) included students with an average score of 88±2. A statistical analysis was carried out using a non-parametric Mann-Whitney difference criterion.

Results

No significant differences in stress levels were found in the two groups (U = 546). There were significant differences in the level of procrastination in the groups with low and high achievement (U = 385, p<0,01). In the group with low achievement, the average procrastination rate is higher than that of students with high achievement.

Conclusions

Procrastination negatively affects the performance of medical students. In order to confront procrastination, it is necessary to include short training programs in the educational process, so that students can independently identify the level of procrastination, receive information about methods of dealing with it.

The publication was prepared with the support of thr "RUDN University Program 5-100"

Introduction

Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder consisting on excessive daytime somnolence and REM-phenomena such as sleep paralysis and hypnagogic-hypnopompic delusions. Type-1 narcolepsy includes cataplexy too.

Objectives

Describing 3 atypical clinical cases on which diagnosis is challenging.

Methods

Case1: 28 y.o women, treated with Venlafaxine 150mg/d and MethylphenidateXR 27 mg/d for anergy and anhedonia. Comes to our office because she has presented fragmented and no-refreshing sleep for years. She refers having restless sleep, occasionally “acting” her dreams with kicking and punching. She has sleep-paralysis once a month.

Case2: 38 y.o. women, refers stuttering in high-emotional or anxiety contexts. She was started benzodiazepines, worsening her symptoms. She refers needing short naps during her work, sleep-paralysis and occasional hypnagogic-hypnopompic delusions.

Case3: 59 y.o. male, refers drop-attacks, with no prodromal symptoms and without loss of consciousness. Cardiological and neurological evaluation were normal. He refers falling asleep while having dinner and even while driving. He describes dreaming during a few minutes nap.

Results

Every three cases were diagnosed with narcolepsy according to current criteria (normal sleep efficiency during polysomnography) and multiple sleep latency test with latency of <8minutes and at least 2 sleep-onset REM periods.

Conclusions

Narcolepsy can be presented with atypical or poor recognizable features, even during adulthood. It is frequent for these patients being diagnosed with depression, anxiety or conversive disorder, resulting eventually in worsening of symptoms. As narcolepsy is a frequent condition, with estimated prevalence of 1 in 2000 people, physicians should be aware, and keep in mind its cardinal features.

Introduction

Sleep related eating disorder (SRED) is included among non-REM parasomnia. Its frequency is probably underestimated, since patients often do not consult, and physicians hardly recognize it as a disorder. Occasionally it may occur as a pharmacological side effect.

Objectives

Describe a case of an unusual type of non-REM parasomnia.

Methods

A 56 y.o. woman presents to our office referring that, during the last 6 months, when she woke up, finds traces of chocolate and sweets in her bed. She does not remember getting out of bed or eating at night. She has gained 10 kg in this time without having changed her diet, for this reason she started restrictive eating behaviors. She lives alone so there are no witnesses, however she finds every morning changes in the kitchen, such as open cupboards. She has personal history of migraine and sleepwalking in her childhood. She has been treated with Zolpidem 10 mg for the last 5 years, when she divorced.

The patient was diagnosed with SRED, zolpidem was discontinued with progressive improvement.

Results

SRED consists on episodes occurring during slow-wave sleep on which the patient leaves the bed asleep and eats, especially highly caloric food. Primary forms have been described, but secondary forms are generally more frequent, usually related to treatment with hypnotic drugs such as Zolpidem.

Conclusions

SRED can lead to serious consequences for the patient such, for example restrictive eating behaviors during the day. It is crucial to recognize the disorder, in order to eliminate possible triggers.

Introduction

Sleep disorders can warn about the worsening of suicidal thoughts in adolescents regardless of comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders such as an individual's depression, in turn associated with suicidal ideation in the adolescent.

Objectives

1. Quantify the quality of sleep in the last month of teenagers with suicidal ideation. 2. Describe the dimensions affected.

Methods

An initial data collection was carried out on adolescents who consulted in the emergency department for suicidal ideation for two consecutive months. They do not take drug treatment. Informed consent of minor participants and parents. Prospective pickup. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire (PSQI). Descriptive analysis.

Results

11 women (55%), 9 men (45%) from 15 to 18 years of age. In the global analysis it was observed that 35% of the sample presented severe sleep disorders (mean 15), being more frequent in the female sex. 35.7% of the sample had an average score of 9, which corresponded to regular sleep quality, while 23.3% had corresponding scores with good sleep quality (mean 4). In the dimensional analysis, serious sleep problems were observed that affected: the duration of sleep, subjective quality and sleep disturbances (predominantly 29% female, 22% male nightmares).

Conclusions

In our experience, deepening the study of sleep quality in emergencies can be very useful to suspect intense psychic discomfort in adolescents and associate it with suicidal risk factors. This initial study is very limited by the sample size but it encourages us to continue in its deepening.

Introduction

Twenty to thirty percent of children have significant bedtime problems or night wakings, and in most cases, these have behavioural causes and solutions. The term behavioural insomnia of childhood refers to sleep difficulties that result from inappropriate sleep associations or inadequate parental limit setting. Evidence suggests that sleep difficulties have potential negative effects on children's cognitive development, regulation of affect and overall quality of life, as well as secondary effects on parental and family functioning.

Objectives

Review and summarise the evidence-based behavioural interventions for childhood insomnia.

Methods

We carried out a narrative literature review by performing a search on PubMed database to identify suitable English-written articles.

Results

Empirically validated interventions for bedtime problems and night wakings include extinction, graduated extinction, positive routines, and parental education. The healthcare provider should discuss parents’ knowledge and beliefs as well as strategies they have used to help address their child’s sleep difficulties and then adapt the interventions to the child’s age and to the family’s situation. Graduate extinction techniques and controlled crying are more appropriate for younger children, whereas cognitive and coping strategies are better suited to school-aged children. Most children respond to behavioural interventions, with positive outcomes for them and their families.

Conclusions

The management of behavioural sleep problems in children should focus on nonpharmacological treatments. Psychoeducation for parents is an important first step in treatment and behavioural intervention strategies are highly effective in treating behavioural insomnias in children. Additionally, pharmacologic therapy is not a first-line treatment and should always be combined with behavioural interventions.

Introduction

Narcolepsy is an important disorder that has its onset in the first decades of life and has severely negative impact over professional, social, and familial functioning. Besides sleep hygiene, psychosocial support and treatment of comorbid conditions, patients diagnosed with narcolepsy receive, in their vast majority, pharmacological treatment.

Objectives

To formulate evidence-based recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of narcolepsy-diagnosed patients.

Methods

A literature review was performed through the main medical databases (Cochrane Database of Systematic reviews, PubMed, Thomson Reuters/Web of Science, SCOPUS, EMBASE, CINAHL) using the search paradigm “pharmacological treatment” OR “drugs” AND “narcolepsy”. All papers published between 2000 and 2019 were included in the primary analysis.

Results

There have been identified two generations of drugs supported by good quality trials that could be recommended in the treatment of narcolepsy. Modafinil, armodafinil, methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, sodium oxybate may represent the first, older group of available drugs. Solriamfetol and pitolisant are the latest discoveries for this indication, and even if their availability is restricted to certain geographic areas, they are supported by clinical trials. The pharmacodynamic properties of these drugs are very different (from histamine H3 inverse agonists to norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor, and from gamma amino butyric acid metabolites to orexin/hypocretin stimulators), and in several cases the exact mechanism of action is unknown.

Conclusions

There is a continuous interest for the discovery of new drugs for the treatment of narcolepsy, and both daytime sleepiness and cataplexy can be addressed by currently available drugs.

Introduction

INTRODUCTION: Sleep disorders, namely insomnia, have a prevalence in the general population of 31 to 56%. Sleep disturbances affect more than 70% of children and adults with hyperactivity disorder and attention deficit disorder (ADHD), which represents about 3% of adults in the general population with comorbidity between ADHD and sleep disorder.

Objectives

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the present review is to understand the relationship between sleep disorders and ADHD and the relationship of psychostimulants administered in the treatment of this condition and sleep.

Methods

METHODS: The authors did a non systematized review of the topic using Pubmed as a tool. The following keywords were used in the search: ADHD, adult, methylphenidate, sleep, treatment and circadian rhythm.

Results

RESULTS: ADHD in adults is associated with prolonged sleep latency, regardless of subjective complaints of insomnia. The maintenance of sleep is disturbed and there is still a late awakening in these patients. Changes in sleep architecture and melatonin release are observed. Regarding the interference of stimulant psychotropic drugs in the sleep pattern, the studies obtain different results among themselves.

Conclusions

CONCLUSIONS: Sleep treatment also seems to be a cornerstone for improving ADHD since these changes observed in childhood remain in the adult.

Introduction

The problem of professional stress among contact center operators, as well as the need to overcome it, are noted by many researchers (Devis, 2000; Feinderg, 2001; Tuten, 2004). The important criteria of effective, successful activity, in addition to objective criteria, can be considered subjective assessment of job satisfaction.

Objectives

The study was held in 40 contact center operators and was aimed to estimate how the specificity of the functional state self-regulation resources of contact center operators corresponds their job satisfaction.

Methods

The assessment methods included: the job stress survey (JSS), the coping questionnaire (SACS), the hardiness questionnaire, the job satisfaction questionnaire, the scale of psychological well-being and chronic fatigue questionnaire.

Results

The results revealed: despite the different subjective image of the working situation, less and more satisfied operators use similar resources of self-regulation of the functional state associated with frequently used professional-disapproved models of coping behavior (aggressive, avoiding actions) and are characterized by acceptance of risk as an indicator of hardiness. The use of these self-regulation resources allows you to overcome chronic fatigue, but do not allow you to maintain a high level of psychological well-being.

Conclusions

The risk factors of job dissatisfaction of contact center operators are asserative actions, reducing work engagement, reducing the typical use of prosocial strategies and over-cautious behavior coping behavior. The results of the study can be used in the practical work of the psychologists with contact center operators to prevent stress and improve their effectiveness. The research is supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project 17-06-00994.

Introduction

Sleep in sportsmen is important for their achievement but is highly affected by stress. In good sleepers, concentration on wakefulness improvement and sleep hygiene could be more effective than concentration on sleep improving (Rasskazova, Leonov, 2019).

Objectives

The aim was to compare interventions concentrating attention on sleep, wakefulness or sleep hygiene in professional sportsmen.

Methods

59 athletes - wrestlers and boxers (49 males, 10 females) 17-27 years old were interviewed about their sleep-wake cycle, filled Insomnia Severity Index, Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep Scale (Morin, 1993), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Zigmond, Snaith, 1983). During the next three weeks they practiced three randomized interventions: improvement of sleep, wakefulness and sleep hygiene. For 2 days before and 2 days at the end of each intervention they appraised every evening their day (using 0-10 Likert scale) and every morning filled Sleep Diary (Morin, 1993). 20 sportsmen (33.9%) reported sleep problems.

Results

Sportsmen appraised all three interventions as effectively improving their sleep (t=4.92-5.18, p<.01, Cohen’s d=.64-.67). Sportsmen reporting sleep problems reported that it was easier for them to concentrate on sleep improvement and it was more difficult to concentrate on sleep hygiene (F=5.13, p<.01, eta=.40).

Conclusions

In line with previous finding on good sleepers, results support that in sportsmen any strategy could be effective but for sportsmen with sleep complaints it is easier to concentrate on sleep than on sleep-related behavior. Research is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 18-013-01211.

Introduction

Use of electronic devices in the evenings and nights is wide-spread especially in adolescents and youth (Soldatova et al., 2017) that could be related to poorer sleep quality and sleepiness due to sleep hygiene disturbances, higher psychophysiological arousal or more ruminations before sleep (Perlis et al., 2011).

Objectives

The aim was to study relationships between the use of electronic devices and sleep-related complaints in people without diagnosed sleep disturbances after adjusting for other behavioral and psychological factors of sleep disorders.

Methods

103 adults with at least 85% of sleep efficiency filled Insomnia Severity Index, Behavioral Factors of Sleep Disorders Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Dysfunctional Beliefs about Sleep Scale, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Glasgow Content of Thoughts Inventory, Checklist of Subjective Reasons of Sleep Disturbances.

Results

The use of devices in the evenings and at nights was associated with a worse subjective quality of sleep, its lower duration and efficiency, greater sleepiness and a feeling of “lack of sleep” (r=0,21-0,39, p<0,05). The relationship between the use of devices, shorter duration of sleep (β=-0,21, p<0,05, ΔR²=4,0%) and feeling of “lack of sleep” (β=0,24, p<0,05, ΔR²=4,6%) didn’t depend on any psychological or other behavioral factors of sleep disorders.

Conclusions

The use of electronic devices in the evenings and at nights predicted shorter sleep duration, worse sleep efficiency, a feeling of “lack of sleep” after adjusting for other behavioral and psychological factors. Research is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-013-00740.