Ph.D. (1976, Medicinal Chemistry, Tel Aviv Univ), M.Sc (1971, Organic Chemistry), and B.Sc. (1969, Chemistry; Hebrew Univ., Jerusalem). Senior scientist [1971-2014; Professor 1987, IIBR, Israel]. Adjunct Professor at i) Dept. Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Univ., Israel; ii) Depts. Pharmacology & Psychiatry. Southern Illinois Univ., Springfield, USA; and iii) Univ. Miami, Dept. Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Miami, U.S.A. Visiting Research Scientist (1979-1981, WPIC, Univ. Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA). Visiting Professor (1988-1989, Univ. Miami, Miami, USA) and Visiting Professor [2013-2014] Dept. Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute for Science (WIS), Rehovot, Israel]; Lecturer on Translation R&D in Neuroscience (FGS, WIS); presently Academic Consultant (Dept. Brain Sciences, WIS). Awards: E.D. Bergmann, Alexander Cohen, and Landau-Miphal Hapais. President of ADPDTM - International Congress on Alzheimer's & Parkinson’s Diseases (AD & PD). Publications: >170 peer-reviewed papers, book chapters, editor of books; inventor of >25 patents on cholinergic treatments for AD and PD. He pioneered the therapeutic potential of CNS M1 selective muscarinic agonists and invented novel compounds, e.g. "AF series" (e.g. M1 selective agonists: AF102B, AF150(S), AF267B, AF292; M1 allosteric/sigma-1 agonist: AF710B). AF102B (Cevimeline, EVOXACTM) is the first-reported and only M1 selective muscarinic agonist approved by the FDA (2000) and Japan (2001) for the treatment of dry mouth in Sjogren's Syndrome.