Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Neurology
Dr. Pasinetti is the Saunders Family Chair and Professor of Neurology, and Chief of the Neurodiagnostics and Neurotherapeutics division of the Friedman Brain Institute at The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. He is also the Director of Basic and Biomedical Research and Training Program at GRECC of the James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY. He has a strong record of successful and productive research endeavors exploring the mechanisms associated with mood disorders and neurodegenerative conditions. Over the past 30 years, his research has focused on developing model systems of brain disorders in order to better understand and clarify their underlying mechanisms. His previous experience as director of the Center of Excellence for Research on CAM (P01) focused on how polyphenol metabolites interact with multiple neuropathological features in Alzheimer’s disease, such as synaptic maladaptation, Aβ neurotoxicity, and disruption of neuronal microtubule-associated tau proteins leading to impaired axonal transport. In the past few years, his research has been tailored to understanding how psychological stress and environmental toxins may both generate depressive phenotypes as well as lead to anatomical and molecular changes in the brain. Some of these changes are now implicated as potential risk factors for developing neurodegenerative disorders. Toward developing preventative and therapeutic approaches for neurological disorders, he investigated how dietary polyphenols possess anti-inflammatory characteristics in vivo, and how they may promote resilience against the development of mood disorders, with an emphasis on depression and anxiety.

Moderator of 1 Session

Session Type
SYMPOSIUM
Date
Fri, 18.03.2022
Session Time
09:10 AM - 10:55 AM
Room
ONSITE: 113

Presenter of 1 Presentation

INFLAMMASOME MEDIATED NEURONAL-MICROGLIAL CROSSTALK: A THERAPEUTIC SUBSTRATE IN C9ORF72-FTD/ALS.

Session Type
SYMPOSIUM
Date
Fri, 18.03.2022
Session Time
09:10 AM - 10:55 AM
Room
ONSITE: 113
Lecture Time
09:25 AM - 09:40 AM

Abstract

Aims

Intronic G4C2 hexanucleotide repeat expansions of C9orf72 are the most common cause of familial variants of frontotemporal dementia / amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FTD/ALS). Neuroinflammation is hypothesized to be a driving factor in the disease course; microglia activation is present prior to symptom onset and persists throughout the disease.

Methods

Here, we establish the contributions of NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of FTD/ALS, resulting from a stress-induced neuronal-microglial crosstalk feedforward loop. In a mouse model of c9FTD/ALS, inflammasome-mediated inflammation was increased with microglial and caspase-1 activation.

Results

Here, we report that treatment with a microbiome-derived phenolic metabolite, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (3-HBA), attenuated inflammasome-dependent inflammation, behavioral deficits, and neurodegeneration by targeting NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasome responses. Furthermore, genetic ablation of Nlrp3attenuated behavioral deficits and prevented neurodegeneration, ultimately improving survival.

Conclusions

These findings establish the integral role inflammasome-mediated innate immunity in c9FTD/ALS pathogenesis, and identify a novel treatment strategy with a diet-derived phenolic metabolite to rescue pathologies associated with FTD/ALS.

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