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BROADER SOCIETAL IMPACT OF OTITIS MEDIA PREVENTION FOLLOWING PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE USE IN THE UNITED STATES
Abstract
Background
Otitis media (OM) is a common childhood infection and a reason for antibiotic prescriptions. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) prevent initial OM episodes, thereby reducing both short- and long-term clinical, economic, humanistic, and societal consequences (Figure 1). These broader societal impacts associated with OM prevention are rarely quantified or included in cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) of PCVs.
Aims
Estimate the broader impact of preventing OM in children less than 5 years old following PCV use in the United States (US).
Methods
A literature review was conducted on the long-term broader implications of OM. Data were then used from US studies to retrospectively estimate the societal burden of OM avoided due to pediatric PCV use.
Results
PCV use has been estimated to avert more than 97 million cases of OM over 20 years in the US. Extrapolating from this estimation, 5,235 deaths and 542,086 cases of hearing loss have been avoided. Twenty-year nationwide societal returns were realized, with over 131.8 million parental workdays gained and over 59.6 million absent daycare days avoided. Health system benefits include over 1.3 and 1.4 million days saved in clinic wait and physician consultation time, respectively, as well as over 83.6 million avoided antibiotic prescriptions (Figure 2).
Conclusions
PCVs’ role in preventing OM has led to substantial broader value beyond averted cases in the US population. PCVs in development may further reduce OM cases and increase broader benefits. Future CEAs of PCVs should include broader benefits of OM prevention for communicating the full value to diverse US stakeholders and improving implementation.