Welcome to the WSPID 2022 Virtual Congress Calendar
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Pre-Congress days – 20-21 February
Main Congress days – 22-24 February
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- Semi-live session with Live Q&A 
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CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF PEDIATRIC COVID-19 IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN BANGKOK, THAILAND
Abstract
Background
Reports of pediatric COVID-19 cases in Asia are limited. In Thailand, the third outbreak has been resurged in April 2021 coincided with an increasing proportion of the Delta variant.
Aims
To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of pediatric COVID-19 in Thailand where favipiravir is the mainstay for antiviral treatment.
Methods
An observational cohort study, hospital-based of COVID-19 among children was conducted at tertiary care center in Bangkok, Thailand. The study included children age younger than 15 years with confirmed positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal swab.
Results
From April to July 2021, 416 cases with median (IQR) age of 7.1 (2.7-11.6) years were included. Ninety one percent contacted from household members. The spectrum of diseases included 82 (20%) asymptomatic, 232 (56%) mild, and 102 (24%) pneumonia. Abnormal chest x-ray findings included ground glass opacities (46%), focal infiltrations (27%), perihilar opacities (19%), reticular infiltrations (15%), and other non-specific findings (4%). Only 12 children (3%) required oxygen support. Favipiravir was prescribed to 129 children (31%); 102 patients with pneumonia and 27 patients at risk for disease progression. Pneumonia was more common in age less than 3 years when compared to those aged 3-<12 years (aOR 0.30, 95%CI 0.17-0.52), and 12-15 years (aOR 0.40, 95%CI 0.21-0.77), and in patients with comorbidities (aOR 2.36, 95%CI 1.09-5.12). Rates of pneumonia significantly increased from April to Jul 2021 (p=0.008).
Conclusions
One-fourth of pediatric COVID had pneumonia, but only few required oxygen support. Favipiravir has been reported as an off-label uses in pediatric COVID-19 in recent outbreak in Bangkok.
BIODIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF FLEA (SIPHONAPTERA), RODENT (RODENTIA), AND CROCIDURA (INSECTIVORA) SPECIES ASSOCIATED WITH PLAGUE EPIDEMIOLOGY IN EASTERN ZAMBIA
Abstract
Background
Fleas (Siphonaptera) are important vectors of several animal and human disease pathogens, while rodents are considered as reservoirs of most pathogens, including Yersinia pestis Factors that influence the parasitism rate of fleas, ecological aspects that modulate their distribution, and host-flea relationship in Eastern Zambia remain unknown. Furthermore, there is little information on the biodiversity and abundance of rodents and fleas in the study area.
Aims
The was to determine the close association of fleas, rodents and the plague disease
Methods
The rodents were trapped using the live traps. The captures were taken to the mobile laboratory where fleas, blood and organs were collected. The fleas were also collected from the domestic animals. The fleas were identified and the sera were tested for the IgG antibodies of the F1 antigen of the Yersinia pestis using ELISA technique. The Organs and fleas were processed following the protocal. The DNA was extracted using DNA extraction kit. The PCR was run to detect the pla gene of Yersinia pestis.
Results
The results showed that 27(8.2%) and 19(5.8%) rodents and 8(7.0%) and 2(1.8%) Crocidura were positive for antibodies and pla gene for Y. pestis, respectively. Echidnophaga larina were the most mean abundant (MA=8.58), while Xenopsylla cheopis had the least mean abundant (MA=0.14), nevertheless it was the most infected with Y.pestis. Mastomys. natalensis was highest in plague positivity 31/56, followed by Crocidura spp 10/56 and Rattus rattus 6/56.
Conclusions
It’s established that rodents were more biodiversity than fleas while both were unevenly distributed
IS HUMAN PARVOVIRUS 4 EMERGING AS AN ETIOLOGICAL AGENT OF ACUTE ENCEPHALITIS SYNDROME IN INDIA?
Abstract
Background
Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) continues to be a ‘major health threat’ in India. Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is the most commonly identified virus, but in majority of cases the etiological virus remains the mystery. Parvovirus 4 (Parv4) is a new virus but its association with any disease and its spread in the human population has not been clearly assessed.
Aims
To find any association of Parv4 in causing acute encephalitis.
Methods
CSF and serum samples of patients presenting as Acute encephalitis syndrome are routinely tested for the presence of possible etiological as part of routine viral diagnostic workup in Virology laboratory, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India. The cohorts of CSF samples positive for any of tested viruses (cohort 1;n=12) and CSF samples negative for tested virus (cohort 2;n=9) were further subjected to Parv4 detection by real time PCR method. PARV4 positive Samples were sequenced and phylogenetically analayzed.
Results
In cohort 1, 8/12 (66.7%) and in cohort 2, 4/9 (44.4%) were detected positive for Parv4. Two of these parv4 positive samples (one from each cohort) were sequenced by next generation sequencing. The sequences are available in GenBank under accession no. KM390024 and KM390025.
Conclusions
Present study discusses its detection in patients of acute encephalitis syndrome; however, its association as causative agent is yet to be elucidated. Whether it is just a co infecting virus (suggestive as in patient 1) or a AES causing virus (suggestive as in patient 2), is an important research question.
COVID-19 AND MULTISYSTEM INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN CHILDREN IN PAKISTAN: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Abstract
Background
SARS-CoV-2 affects children as coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) or multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). COVID-19 results in mild to moderate symptoms in children; MIS-C can present with features of Kawasaki disease and cardiovascular compromise.
Aims
Pediatric COVID-19 and MIS-C have overlapping features, despite different pathophysiologies. We present a comparison between the clinico-pathological features, clinical course and outcomes of pediatric COVID-19 and MIS-C, to aid in early diagnosis and appropriate management.
Methods
We reviewed the medical records of children ≤16 years with the diagnosis of COVID-19 versus MIS-C presenting to two centers in the Islamabad-Rawalpindi metropolitan area, the fourth-largest of Pakistan, between March-December 2020. Demographics, clinical presentation, investigations, management and outcomes were compared. Descriptive analysis was performed; statistical association was determined between independent variables by calculating adjusted odds ratio using logistic regression. P<0·05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
Of 60 children included, 37 children had COVID-19 and 23 children had MIS-C. More children with COVID-19 had underlying illnesses while children with MIS-C were previously healthy. All children with MIS-C were symptomatic; 65% of children had symptomatic COVID-19. Features of Kawasaki disease were only seen in MIS-C. More children with MIS-C had cardiovascular involvement [signs of shock: COVID-19 n=5 (13·5%), MIS-C n=9 (39·1%), OR 5.30, 95% CI (0·95, 29·77), p=0.04; abnormal echocardiogram: COVID-19 n=0, MIS-C n=4 (17·4%), OR 8.36, 95%CI (1·43, 33·47), p=0·002; thus, being sicker, their hospitalization rates were higher. Outcomes were similar for both.
Conclusions
Compared to COVID-19, MIS-C occurs in healthy children but with more severe presentation, frequent cardiovascular involvement, worse laboratory findings, and higher hospitalization rates.