Clinical Neurophysiology may assist both diagnostic approaches in neurodegenerative diseases. Here we will focus first on the contribution of neurophysiological techniques, in particular EEG and transcranial stimulation techniques in the diagnosis of dementias, movement disorders and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Therapeutic approaches confined to non-invasive tools will very specifically cover magnetic seizure therapy as a most powerful tool in major depression. The role of transcranial alternating and direct current stimulation in neurodegenerative diseases will be supplemented by transcranial ultrasound stimulation data

Time matters when treating MS. Ozanimod for early protection from physical and cognitive impairment Multiple sclerosis: a neurodegenerative, complex, multifactorial and progressively disabling disease, for which an inflammatory process of an autoimmune nature is recognized as the pathogenetic moment, capable of causing demyelination: in fact, a disease known for years to target the white substance. It has recently been identified that multiple sclerosis also affects the grey matter by an autoimmune mechanism, leading to brain atrophy. In other words, as has been reported, diffuse cortical damage contributes to the cognitive dysfunction that becomes apparent during disease progression: 'grey matter matters, too'. Various disease-modifying treatment options are currently available to reduce inflammation, as well as the frequency and duration of clinical and radiological relapses; on this basis, the current treatment paradigm recognizes the annualized relapse rate (ARR) as the universal endpoint for measuring therapeutic efficacy. However, the challenge today is to consider not only white matter damage, but also grey matter damage. Beyond the archetype of multiple sclerosis, the reduction of brain atrophy and the slowing down of the onset of cognitive deficits are now added to the already known therapeutic goals. Managing the totality of the disease requires going beyond the simple measurement of recurrences, to identify and treat the precocity of permanent damage.

Experts discuss! Insights into the mechanisms, burden and prevention of migraine disease progression Disclaimer: This symposium is not available for Danish and UK health-care professionals.