HMOs and the shaping of microbiome maturation: review of evidence and clinical implicationsIn this symposium, the science behind human milk oligosaccharides and its role on child health will be discussed. In particular, the mechanisms on how the HMOs influence the maturation of the gut microbiome in early life and the possible short and long term clinical benefits will be presented. This symposium also gives an overview of the different studies on HMOs over the years and the possible direction of future research . To the clinician and researchers , a simplified understanding of the importance of these bioactives in human milk and the shaping of the gut microbiome in the early years of life is beneficial for the overall health of the child.