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P0300 - Baseline features in DISCOntinuation of disease modifying therapies in Multiple Sclerosis (DISCOMS) (ID 791)
Abstract
Background
New relapses and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities diminish as people age with multiple sclerosis (MS). Data supporting use of disease modifying therapies (DMTs), from studies with typical inclusion ages of 18-55, suggest diminished benefit in older compared with younger individuals. Whether it is beneficial to continue, or safe to discontinue, DMTs as people age beyond 55 remains unknown. Retrospective studies show those at greatest risk of new inflammatory disease activity upon DMT discontinuation are younger and had recent new relapse and/or MRI scan activity.
Objectives
Present the design and baseline data in our study evaluating whether older individuals with MS who discontinue their DMT have no worse risk of new disease activity compared to those who remain on DMT.
Methods
This is a randomized (1:1), controlled, rater-blinded study in which 260 MS participants aged 55 and older and continuously taking DMTs (at least 5 years, minimum 2 years on current DMT) were enrolled at 19 sites in the United States. They have no evidence of MS relapse for 5+ years or new MRI lesion for 3+ years, and will be followed for up to 2 years, with study visits every 6 months. Primary outcome is either a new MS relapse or T2 brain MRI lesion. Secondary outcomes are 6-month confirmed increase in Extended Disability Status Scores (EDSS), and worsening of Symbol Digit Modality Test or patient-reported outcomes.
Results
Mean age of participants is 63 ± 5 years, and 83.7% are female. Racial/ethnic breakdown is 89.2% White, 9.2% Black or African American, 0.8% Hispanic/Latino, and 0.8% Other. Participants average 22.3 ± 10.5 years since symptom onset, and 13.5 ± 7 years since last relapse. Most have Relapsing-Remitting MS (83.7%), with 13.1% Secondary Progressive and 3.2% Primary Progressive MS. At enrollment, 42.6% were on an interferon, 30.3% on glatiramer acetate, 15.1% dimethyl fumarate, 6.4% fingolimod, 3.2% teriflunomide, 1.6% natalizumab, and 0.8% ocrelizumab. EDSS scores average 3.3 ± 1.8, and 77.8% of participants rate their treatment satisfaction as Satisfied or Very Satisfied at enrollment.
Conclusions
The DISCOMS study is the first controlled trial to address whether it is safe to discontinue DMTs in MS. Enrolled participants represent a unique cohort of stable, older MS patients with relatively low disability. Upon completion, the study will increase our understanding of the utility of MS DMTs throughout the lifespan of MS.
P0364 - Ocrelizumab real-world safety and effectiveness in the two years of treatment in multiple sclerosis. (ID 1855)
Abstract
Background
Ocrelizumab (OCR), used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20, resulting in B-cell depletion.
Objectives
To describe the patient two-year experience of MS patients treated with OCR at the Rocky Mountain MS Center at the University of Colorado.
Methods
94 randomly selected MS patients prescribed OCR prior to May 2018 at the Rocky Mountain MS Center at the University of Colorado were retrospectively followed for up to two years from OCR start date. Lab data, relapse history, adverse events, MRI outcomes, disease history and patient characteristics were collected. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample group.
Results
Patients had a mean age of 44.2 years at date of first infusion; were predominantly female (75.5%); and had a mean MS disease duration of 10.4 years. Of the sample group, 76 (80.9%), 16 (17.0%), and 2 (2.1%) were relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive, and primary progressive MS, respectively. Two (2.1%), 1 (1.2%), and 6 (7.4%) patients experienced a clinical relapse, enhancing lesion and new T2 lesion, respectively. Of 48 patients with available MRI data for re-baselining after initiation of OCR, 1 (2.1%) patient had a new T2 lesion. Twenty (21.3%) patients discontinued OCR at our center at <24 months. Nine patients were lost to follow-up or relocated care, 7 patients discontinued due to issues with insurance, 1 patient discontinued due to adverse events, specifically hypogammaglobulinemia, and 3 patients discontinued due to other reasons, such as family planning and concern for cancer. During the first and second infusion course, 19 (20.2%) and 7 (7.4%) experienced an infusion reaction that interrupted the OCR infusion, respectively, and none experienced a life-threatening reaction or were hospitalized. After initiating OCR, 3 patients were diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma. Infections resulting in an emergency department visit or hospitalization occurred in 11 (11.7%) and 1 (1.1%) patients, respectively. Eleven (11.7%) patients experienced lymphopenia ≤500/mm3, and 2 (2.1%) experienced neutropenia ≤1000/mm3. Seven (7.4%) patients experienced IgG levels ≤500, 25 (26.6%) experienced IgM levels ≤40.
Conclusions
Our data suggests OCR is safe and effective in the treatment of MS. Additional data on an increased sample size will be presented.
P0384 - Risk Factors for Developing Lymphopenia and Hypogammaglobulinemia in anti-CD20 Treated Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (ID 1482)
Abstract
Background
Anti-CD20 treatment has been associated with both lymphopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia, which can increase the risk of infection. Who develops lymphopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia and the time course is not well understood.
Objectives
To evaluate risk factors in developing lymphopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia in anti-CD20 treated patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
Methods
A random sample of patients with neuroimmune conditions treated with rituximab at the Rocky Mountain MS Center at the University of Colorado were identified and followed retrospectively. Patients who switched to ocrelizumab remained in the study. Patient characteristics, IgG, IgM, and absolute lymphocyte counts on rituximab/ocrelizumab were analyzed.
Results
Laboratory data on 546 patients were studied including 527 MS and 17 neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients with mean disease duration of 9.2 years, mean age of 44.1, 68.7% women and 76.5% Caucasians. Patients were followed for a mean of 30.2 months with a mean cumulative rituximab dose of 3,312mg. Of the 527 MS patients, 96 (17.6%) switched to ocrelizumab (mean cumulative ocrelizumab dose of 1,175mg). Fifty-seven (10.4%) patients had lymphopenia (≤500cells/mm3), 38 (7.4%) low IgG (≤500 mg/dL), and 143 (37.9%) low IgM (≤40 mg/dL). A decrease of 31.5mg/dl per year in IgG from 920mg/dL in year 1 to 857mg/dL in year 3 was observed. Respectively, median time to lymphopenia, low IgG, and low IgM were 11.3, 36.2 and 23.6 months. Of patients who developed low IgG (≤500 mg/dL), 73.9% had a preceding (34.8%) or concurrent initial low IgM (39.1%). Higher doses (per gram) of anti-CD20 increased the odds of low IgG (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.12-1.47; p<0.001) and low IgM (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.18-1.45; p<0.001), but not of lymphopenia (p=0.246). Similarly, follow-up time (months) on anti-CD20 therapy increased the odds of low IgG (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.23-1.80; p<0.001) and low IgM (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.28-1.65; p<0.001), but not of lymphopenia (p=0.237). Increasing age was associated with an increased odds of lymphopenia (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00-1.05; p=0.030), but not low IgG (p=0.27) or IgM (p=0.18). Males had greater odds of low IgM values compared to females (OR: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.84-4.48; p<0.001).
Conclusions
MS patients treated with anti-CD20 therapies frequently develop low IgM. Lymphopenia and low IgG are less common but should be monitored given their association with an increased risk of infections.
Presenter Of 1 Presentation
P0300 - Baseline features in DISCOntinuation of disease modifying therapies in Multiple Sclerosis (DISCOMS) (ID 791)
Abstract
Background
New relapses and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities diminish as people age with multiple sclerosis (MS). Data supporting use of disease modifying therapies (DMTs), from studies with typical inclusion ages of 18-55, suggest diminished benefit in older compared with younger individuals. Whether it is beneficial to continue, or safe to discontinue, DMTs as people age beyond 55 remains unknown. Retrospective studies show those at greatest risk of new inflammatory disease activity upon DMT discontinuation are younger and had recent new relapse and/or MRI scan activity.
Objectives
Present the design and baseline data in our study evaluating whether older individuals with MS who discontinue their DMT have no worse risk of new disease activity compared to those who remain on DMT.
Methods
This is a randomized (1:1), controlled, rater-blinded study in which 260 MS participants aged 55 and older and continuously taking DMTs (at least 5 years, minimum 2 years on current DMT) were enrolled at 19 sites in the United States. They have no evidence of MS relapse for 5+ years or new MRI lesion for 3+ years, and will be followed for up to 2 years, with study visits every 6 months. Primary outcome is either a new MS relapse or T2 brain MRI lesion. Secondary outcomes are 6-month confirmed increase in Extended Disability Status Scores (EDSS), and worsening of Symbol Digit Modality Test or patient-reported outcomes.
Results
Mean age of participants is 63 ± 5 years, and 83.7% are female. Racial/ethnic breakdown is 89.2% White, 9.2% Black or African American, 0.8% Hispanic/Latino, and 0.8% Other. Participants average 22.3 ± 10.5 years since symptom onset, and 13.5 ± 7 years since last relapse. Most have Relapsing-Remitting MS (83.7%), with 13.1% Secondary Progressive and 3.2% Primary Progressive MS. At enrollment, 42.6% were on an interferon, 30.3% on glatiramer acetate, 15.1% dimethyl fumarate, 6.4% fingolimod, 3.2% teriflunomide, 1.6% natalizumab, and 0.8% ocrelizumab. EDSS scores average 3.3 ± 1.8, and 77.8% of participants rate their treatment satisfaction as Satisfied or Very Satisfied at enrollment.
Conclusions
The DISCOMS study is the first controlled trial to address whether it is safe to discontinue DMTs in MS. Enrolled participants represent a unique cohort of stable, older MS patients with relatively low disability. Upon completion, the study will increase our understanding of the utility of MS DMTs throughout the lifespan of MS.