Karolinska Institute

Author Of 6 Presentations

Clinical Outcome Measures Poster Presentation

P0041 - Clinical characteristics and outcome of late onset Multiple Sclerosis (ID 1467)

Speakers
Presentation Number
P0041
Presentation Topic
Clinical Outcome Measures

Abstract

Background

Clinical characteristics and disability progression in late onset MS (LOMS) (> 50 years at symptom onset) compared to adult onset MS (AOMS) (> 18- 50 years at symptom onset) is less well studied.

Objectives

To describe clinical characteristics and risk for disability progression in LOMS and AOMS within the Swedish MS population.

Methods

Data were collected from the nationwide Swedish MS registry (SMSreg). Patients with a diagnosis of MS, symptom onset > 18 years and ≥ 2 expanded disability status scale (EDSS) scores recorded were included. Clinical and demographic factors in LOMS and AOMS were compared. The risk for disease progression was assessed by analyzing time to reach sustained EDSS of 4,0 and 6,0 after disease onset, using Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for age, sex, disease course at onset.

Results

A total of 13,040 eligible AOMS were included of which 1,120 (8,6%) had LOMS. Median age (inter quartile range, IQR) at symptom onset was 54.0 (51.0-57.0) years in LOMS and 31.0 (26.0-39.0) yeas in EOMS. Diagnostic delay (time from symptom onset to diagnosis; median (IQR)) in LOMS; 1,21 years (0.41-3.35) and EOMS; 1,38 years (0.36-5.0) and sex distribution (female; 68,0 % vs 70,1%) were comparable in both groups. Close to one third of LOMS patients (29,2%) presented with primary progressive MS (PPMS) compared to 5,9% of AOMS. A relapsing onset was observed in 40.0% of LOMS and 65.4% of AOMS. Exposure to first line treatment was documented in 34.9% of LOMS and 59.6% had been exposed to a second line treatment (defined as fingolimod, natalizumab, rituximab or alemtuzumab). The risks to reach EDSS 4.0 (HR 1.96; 95% CI 1.72-2.24) and 6.0 (HR 2.42; 95% CI 2.13-2.75) were increased in LOMS compared to AOMS.

Conclusions

LOMS is characterized by a significantly higher incidence of PPMS as initial disease course and increased risk of disability progression compared to AOMS even after adjustment for age, sex and course, and even though more than half of the LOMS patients had been treated with a second line DMT.

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Disease Modifying Therapies – Risk Management Poster Presentation

P0277 - A Swedish Post-Market Surveillance Study: Long-Term Effectiveness and Safety of Dimethyl Fumarate (IMSE 5) for Patients Treated at least 36 Months (ID 1634)

Speakers
Presentation Number
P0277
Presentation Topic
Disease Modifying Therapies – Risk Management

Abstract

Background

Background: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an oral therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). DMF is included in the Swedish post-market surveillance study “Immunomodulation and Multiple Sclerosis Epidemiology” (IMSE).

Objectives

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness and safety of DMF with focus on patients treated at least 36 months in the IMSE study.

Methods

Methods: Descriptive data of Extended Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Multiple Sclerosis Severity Scale (MSSS), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29), European Quality of Life - 5 Dimensions Test (EQ-5D), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Adverse Events (AEs) is obtained from the nationwide Swedish Neuro Registry (NeuroReg). Effectiveness measures were assessed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and drug survival using the Kaplan-Meier curve.

Results

Results: 2349 DMF-treated patients were included between March 2014 and June 2020 with an overall drug survival rate of 45%. The main reasons for discontinuation were AEs (50%) and lack of effect (30%). 186 AEs were reported to the Swedish Medical Products Agency, of which 59 were serious. A total of 8 patients have died during DMF treatment or within 6 months of treatment discontinuation.

36 month cohort: 940 patients had continuous treatment for at least 36 months. This cohort had a mean age of 42 years and a mean treatment duration of 56 months. The majority (50%) had switched from interferon or glatiramer acetate, and (24%) were treatment naïve (TN).

Significant improvements in mean values at 36 months of treatment compared to baseline for the 36-month cohort were noted for MSSS, SDMT, MSIS-29 Psychological, EQ-5D and VAS. When TN patients were solely assessed (n=230) improvements were noted for all above mentioned measures as well as MSIS-29 Psychological. The remaining patients in the cohort; treatment experienced patients (n=710) displayed significant improvements only for MSSS, MSIS-29 Psychological and EQ-5D. TN patients had a mean duration from diagnosis to treatment start of 5 months compared to 91 months for the remaining cohort. TN were also younger than the remaining cohort (37 years vs 43 years).

Conclusions

Conclusions: DMF demonstrates clinical improvements in patients treated 36 months, more pronounced in TN patients. However; due to the high discontinuation rate there is an unavoidable selection bias. Continued follow up is needed to assess the effectiveness and safety of DMF over longer time periods in a real world setting.

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Disease Modifying Therapies – Risk Management Poster Presentation

P0331 - Efficacy and safety in patients treated with Natalizumab for at least 10 years - Real-world data from a Swedish national surveillance study (IMSE 1) (ID 673)

Speakers
Presentation Number
P0331
Presentation Topic
Disease Modifying Therapies – Risk Management

Abstract

Background

Natalizumab (NTZ) is a highly effective disease modulatory treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Post-marketing surveillance is important for evaluation of long-term safety and effectiveness in a real-world setting. To this end, the “Immunomodulation and Multiple Sclerosis Epidemiology Study” (IMSE 1) was initiated upon NTZ launch in Sweden (August 2006).

Objectives

To follow-up the long-term effectiveness and safety of NTZ in a real-world setting, with focus on patients treated at least 10 years.

Methods

IMSE 1 includes patients starting NTZ treatment and data is collected from the nationwide Swedish Neuro Registry (NeuroReg). Adverse events (AEs), JC-virus status (JCV) and clinical effectiveness measures are registered in NeuroReg prospectively. Effectiveness measures were assessed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test.

Results

A total of 3291 patients were included in the IMSE 1 study from August 2006 until June 2020 (72% female; mean age 36 years; 80% RRMS; mean treatment duration 50 months). 171/3291 patients (5%) had been treated for at least 120 months (73% female; men age 36 years; 87% RRMS; mean treatment duration 139 months). A total of 64% (110/171) were treated with interferons or glatiramer acetate prior to NTZ treatment. Over the duration of follow-up discontinued 21% (35/171) their NTZ treatment of which 46% (16/35) discontinued due to JCV positive (JCV+). In total, 27% (46/171) of these patients were JCV+ with a mean JCV index of 1.2±1.0 (4% missing data). The mean number of relapses were reduced from 0.84 one year before NTZ treatment start to 0.00 during the first treatment year (12% missing data). All clinical effectiveness measures (Extended Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Multiple Sclerosis Severity Scale (MSSS), Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29) and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT)) showed improvement in mean between baseline and 120 months. However, only MSSS, MSIS-29 psychological and SDMT were statistically significant. Over the entire observation time, 114 Serious AEs had been reported to the Swedish Medical Product Agency and included nine cases (2 fatal) of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) of which eight between year 2008 and 2012, and one in 2018. 17 patients died during or within 6 months of last NTZ infusion. None were judged to be directly associated with NTZ.

Conclusions

NTZ is generally well tolerated with sustained effectiveness regarding cognitive, physical and psychological measures, as well as relapse-control.

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Disease Modifying Therapies – Risk Management Poster Presentation

P0350 - Long-term drug persistence in natalizumab JCV negative patients in the Swedish post-market surveillance study IMSE-1 (ID 464)

Speakers
Presentation Number
P0350
Presentation Topic
Disease Modifying Therapies – Risk Management

Abstract

Background

Natalizumab (NTZ) is approved for treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) caused by the reactivation of the John Cunningham virus (JCV) is a safety concern with NTZ treatment.

Objectives

To describe the long-term drug persistence in natalizumab JCV negative patients in a Swedish population-based setting.

Methods

The IMSE-1 study obtains demographic, clinical and safety data from the Swedish population-based Neuro Registry. Key inclusion criteria for this study were NTZ patients with a negative JCV values. Drug persistence was defined as the duration of time from initiation to discontinuation of therapy, estimated by the Kaplan-Meier approach, and Cox regression was used to identify possible independent factors related to drug discontinuation.

Results

A total of 1177 NTZ patients were included,76% were female and the mean age at treatment start was 34.3 (SD 10.0) years. The mean treatment duration was 5.5 (SD 3.0) years. 57% of the patients switched to NTZ from interferons and Copaxone, 27% were treatment naïve, and 14% from other disease-modifying treatments. At 10 years following treatment initiation of NTZ 6.5% had discontinued due to lack of efficacy, 6.7%, 24.4% and 28.9% due to adverse events, pregnancy and other reasons, respectively. An increased EDSS score at baseline increased the risk of discontinuation due to the lack of effect (HR 1.30; 95% CI 1.04-1.62), but the opposite was true for SMDT at baseline (HR 0.97; 95% CI 0.95-0.99). Also, relapses during treatment initiation had a significant effect on the risk of discontinuation due to lack of efficacy (HR 1.67; 95% CI 1.31-2.11). Only calendar year of symptoms and calendar year of treatment initiation had a significant effect on drug discontinuation due to adverse events (HR 1.11; 95% CI 1.04-1.18, HR 1.25; 95% CI 1.10-1.41).

Conclusions

Data from the Swedish IMSE-1 study suggest that long-term drug discontinuation due to a lack of efficacy or adverse events are minimal, and that the most common reason for treatment discontinuation was due to pregnancy.

Funding: The IMSE-1 study is funded in a scientific collaboration agreement with Biogen.

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Disease Modifying Therapies – Risk Management Poster Presentation

P0351 - Lymphocyte reconstitution following discontinuation of Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) due to lymphopenia in the Swedish post-market surveillance study IMSE-5 (ID 463)

Speakers
Presentation Number
P0351
Presentation Topic
Disease Modifying Therapies – Risk Management

Abstract

Background

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an oral therapy approved for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), and in which lymphocyte decline is a known pharmacodynamic effect of DMF. Currently, research has suggested meaningful lymphocyte reconstitution may occur within 2-4 months after discontinuation of DMF. To date, the only factor shown to be associated with a slower rate of recovery is the duration of lymphopenia.

Objectives

To describe lymphocyte count profiles following discontinuation of Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) due to lymphopenia in a nationwide Swedish population-based setting.

Methods

The IMSE-5 study obtains demographics, clinical and safety data, including absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), from the Swedish population-based Neuro Registry. Key inclusion criteria were RRMS patients, treatment with DMF for at least 3 months, age >18 years at initiation, had ALC values at start of DMF treatment, during treatment, and following discontinuation of DMF treatment. All patients had discontinued DMF due to lymphopenia. The least square mean estimation of ALC values at different time points was calculated using Linear Mixed Models

Results

A total of 18 DMF patients were included, 72% were female and the mean age at treatment start was 51.3 years. The mean treatment duration was 3.1 (SD 0.8) years, and 22% were treatment naïve, 50% had switched from interferons or glatiramer acetate (GA). and three patients switched from natalizumab and fingolimod. The estimated ALC values following discontinuation of DMF due to lymphopenia compared to the time for discontinuation significantly increased during follow up (p<0.001). E.g. at date of drug discontinuation mean ALC was 0.35x109/L (95% CI 0.33-0.37), in 6 weeks following discontinuation ALC was 0.50 x109/L (95% CI 0.26-0.74) and in 12 weeks ALC increased to 0.91 x109/L (95% CI 0.74-1.07). The mean time from discontinuation to a new treatment initiation following DMF was 99.8 (SD 88.5) days; and 50% switched to rituximab and two patients to teriflunomide, and one to GA.

Conclusions

Data from the Swedish IMSE-5 study suggest that a lymphocyte reconstitution occurs within 12 weeks following the discontinuation of DMF. However, larger datasets will be needed to verify this finding

Funding: The IMSE-5 study is funded in a scientific collaboration agreement with Biogen.

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Disease Modifying Therapies – Risk Management Poster Presentation

P0380 - Real-world data of peginterferon beta-1a from a Swedish national post-marketing surveillance study (IMSE 6) – effectiveness and safety profile (ID 677)

Speakers
Presentation Number
P0380
Presentation Topic
Disease Modifying Therapies – Risk Management

Abstract

Background

Subcutaneous peginterferon beta-1a (PegIFN) was approved for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in Europe 2014. The clinical trial program showed that PegIFN reduced the relapse rate and proportion with disability progression compared to placebo. At its launch in Sweden, PegIFN was included in the Swedish “Immunomodulation and Multiple Sclerosis Epidemiology Study” (IMSE 6), providing possibilities to track long-term effectiveness and safety in a population-based setting.

Objectives

To follow-up the long-term effectiveness and safety of PegIFN treatment in Swedish patients in a real-world context.

Methods

Data was obtained from the nationwide Swedish Neuro Registry (NeuroReg) between June 2015 and May 2020. Effectiveness measures were assessed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and drug survival using the Kaplan-Meier curve.

Results

A total of 364 patients (78% female; 87% RRMS; mean age at treatments start 43 years) were followed up to 57 months (mean 20 months), of which 200 (55%) patients had been treated for at least 12 months. The majority of the patients had switched from other injectables (164 patients, 45%) or were treatment naïve (90 patients, 25%) prior to treatment with PegIFN. Over the duration of the follow-up, 68% (247/364) patients discontinued their PegIFN treatment for various reasons (60% adverse events, 24% lack of effect) and switched mainly to rituximab (105 patients, 43%). The overall drug survival was 32%, 40% for men and 30% for women. The one- and two-year drug survival rate was 57% and 40%, respectively. The mean number of relapses were reduced from 0.35 one year before treatment start to 0.11 one year after (35% missing data). All clinical effectiveness measures (Extended Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Multiple Sclerosis Severity Scale (MSSS), Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29), European Quality of Life – 5-Dimension test (EQ-5D), Visual Analogue Score (VAS) and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT)) remained stable. Statistically significant changes were observed in SDMT (p=0.027). A total number of 18 adverse events (6 serious) were reported to Swedish Medical Product Agency.

Conclusions

These findings are consistent with PegIFN being a safe disease modifying treatment, however, a relatively high proportion of patients switched due to adverse events. All clinical effectiveness measures remained stable in patients treated with PegIFN for at least 12 months in this nationwide population-based real-world study. Longer follow up is needed to address the long-term effectiveness.

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Presenter Of 2 Presentations

Disease Modifying Therapies – Risk Management Poster Presentation

P0350 - Long-term drug persistence in natalizumab JCV negative patients in the Swedish post-market surveillance study IMSE-1 (ID 464)

Speakers
Presentation Number
P0350
Presentation Topic
Disease Modifying Therapies – Risk Management

Abstract

Background

Natalizumab (NTZ) is approved for treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) caused by the reactivation of the John Cunningham virus (JCV) is a safety concern with NTZ treatment.

Objectives

To describe the long-term drug persistence in natalizumab JCV negative patients in a Swedish population-based setting.

Methods

The IMSE-1 study obtains demographic, clinical and safety data from the Swedish population-based Neuro Registry. Key inclusion criteria for this study were NTZ patients with a negative JCV values. Drug persistence was defined as the duration of time from initiation to discontinuation of therapy, estimated by the Kaplan-Meier approach, and Cox regression was used to identify possible independent factors related to drug discontinuation.

Results

A total of 1177 NTZ patients were included,76% were female and the mean age at treatment start was 34.3 (SD 10.0) years. The mean treatment duration was 5.5 (SD 3.0) years. 57% of the patients switched to NTZ from interferons and Copaxone, 27% were treatment naïve, and 14% from other disease-modifying treatments. At 10 years following treatment initiation of NTZ 6.5% had discontinued due to lack of efficacy, 6.7%, 24.4% and 28.9% due to adverse events, pregnancy and other reasons, respectively. An increased EDSS score at baseline increased the risk of discontinuation due to the lack of effect (HR 1.30; 95% CI 1.04-1.62), but the opposite was true for SMDT at baseline (HR 0.97; 95% CI 0.95-0.99). Also, relapses during treatment initiation had a significant effect on the risk of discontinuation due to lack of efficacy (HR 1.67; 95% CI 1.31-2.11). Only calendar year of symptoms and calendar year of treatment initiation had a significant effect on drug discontinuation due to adverse events (HR 1.11; 95% CI 1.04-1.18, HR 1.25; 95% CI 1.10-1.41).

Conclusions

Data from the Swedish IMSE-1 study suggest that long-term drug discontinuation due to a lack of efficacy or adverse events are minimal, and that the most common reason for treatment discontinuation was due to pregnancy.

Funding: The IMSE-1 study is funded in a scientific collaboration agreement with Biogen.

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Disease Modifying Therapies – Risk Management Poster Presentation

P0351 - Lymphocyte reconstitution following discontinuation of Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) due to lymphopenia in the Swedish post-market surveillance study IMSE-5 (ID 463)

Speakers
Presentation Number
P0351
Presentation Topic
Disease Modifying Therapies – Risk Management

Abstract

Background

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an oral therapy approved for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), and in which lymphocyte decline is a known pharmacodynamic effect of DMF. Currently, research has suggested meaningful lymphocyte reconstitution may occur within 2-4 months after discontinuation of DMF. To date, the only factor shown to be associated with a slower rate of recovery is the duration of lymphopenia.

Objectives

To describe lymphocyte count profiles following discontinuation of Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) due to lymphopenia in a nationwide Swedish population-based setting.

Methods

The IMSE-5 study obtains demographics, clinical and safety data, including absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), from the Swedish population-based Neuro Registry. Key inclusion criteria were RRMS patients, treatment with DMF for at least 3 months, age >18 years at initiation, had ALC values at start of DMF treatment, during treatment, and following discontinuation of DMF treatment. All patients had discontinued DMF due to lymphopenia. The least square mean estimation of ALC values at different time points was calculated using Linear Mixed Models

Results

A total of 18 DMF patients were included, 72% were female and the mean age at treatment start was 51.3 years. The mean treatment duration was 3.1 (SD 0.8) years, and 22% were treatment naïve, 50% had switched from interferons or glatiramer acetate (GA). and three patients switched from natalizumab and fingolimod. The estimated ALC values following discontinuation of DMF due to lymphopenia compared to the time for discontinuation significantly increased during follow up (p<0.001). E.g. at date of drug discontinuation mean ALC was 0.35x109/L (95% CI 0.33-0.37), in 6 weeks following discontinuation ALC was 0.50 x109/L (95% CI 0.26-0.74) and in 12 weeks ALC increased to 0.91 x109/L (95% CI 0.74-1.07). The mean time from discontinuation to a new treatment initiation following DMF was 99.8 (SD 88.5) days; and 50% switched to rituximab and two patients to teriflunomide, and one to GA.

Conclusions

Data from the Swedish IMSE-5 study suggest that a lymphocyte reconstitution occurs within 12 weeks following the discontinuation of DMF. However, larger datasets will be needed to verify this finding

Funding: The IMSE-5 study is funded in a scientific collaboration agreement with Biogen.

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