Incidence of Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) depends on numerous factors, including vaccine undertake, geographic location, and serotype prevalence. There is limited data about the incidence of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), serotype distribution, and clinical characteristics of adults hospitalized due to IPD in Colombia. Thus, this study will attempt to bridge this gap in the literature.
This is an observational, retrospective, citywide study conducted between 2012 and 2019 in Bogotá, Colombia. We analyzed, reported positive cases of IPD. Importantly, Bogotá represents approximately 75% of the Colombian population. Strains were isolated in each hospital and typified in a centralized laboratory. The objectives included assessment of Spn serotype distribution, clinical diagnosis, mortality, ICU admission, and need for mechanical ventilation.
A total of 314 patients with IPD were included, 54.8% male. The leading cause of IPD was pneumonia (33%), followed by meningitis and sepsis. The most prevalent serotypes were 19A (13.1%) and 3 (12.4%). The overall hospital mortality was 30%. Moreover, 65.6% were admitted to the ICU, 44.9% required invasive mechanical ventilation, and 5.1% non- invasive mechanical ventilation.
Pneumococcal pneumonia continues to be the most prevalent cause of IPD. Serotypes 19A and 3 are the leading cause of IPD in Colombian adults.