S. Nürnberger (Vienna, AT)
Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma-SurgeryPresenter Of 1 Presentation
16.2.1 - Decellularized Cartilage Matrix for Cartilage Defect Regeneration – Not Only a Scaffold
Abstract
Purpose
Current cell based cartilage regeneration strategies are based on porous scaffolds requiring high amount of de-novo synthesis of extracellular matrix from the implanted cells. Insufficient clinical outcome suggests that the generated repair tissue does not fulfill the required properties and is frequently not hyaline. Therefore replacing the missing cartilage matrix with a functional biomaterial could improve the outcome. Decellularized allogenic cartilage, as homologous tissue, is a promising biomaterial to support chondrogenic matrix formation. Due to the complex fine structure we aimed at preserving its integrity and use it as bulk material. In order to achieve repopulation of this exceptionally dense matrix with cells, we developed a new strategy based on laser engraving.
Methods and Materials
Articular cartilage biopsies were engraved with different types of lasers and patterns, were then decellularized and partially glycosaminoglycan (GAG) depleted. The materials were then seeded with adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) or chondrocytes to evaluate cell adhesion, chondrogenic differentiation and in vivo performance in a nude mouse model. Mechanical testing, nanoCT and (immuno-)histochemistry were used to analyze the samples.
Results
Engraving of crossed line incisions was the optimal pattern for a suitable cell-matrix ratio still retaining the stability but providing enough space for cells. The material was several times stiffer than commercial scaffolds and filled the defect space to more than a half. Cells adhered well to the matrix surface and neo-tissue integrated with it. Collagen fibrils were oriented along the incisions and, notably, the incisions exerted a chondrogenic effect on chondrocytes as well as ASC, which was apparently strongest in the incision tip.
Conclusion
Laser-engraved decellularized articular cartilage provides a chondrogenic environment and higher load-bearing than commercial scaffolds but also serves as homologous tissue replacement taking load off the cells to fill out the defect completely by newly synthesized matrix.
Meeting Participant Of
- M. Wimmer (Chicago, US)
- S. Nürnberger (Vienna, AT)
- C. Pascual Garrido (St. Louis, US)
- D. Haudenschild (Sacramento, US)
- J. Guicheux (Nantes, FR)
- L. Goodrich (Fort Collins, US)
- D. Evseenko (Los Angeles, US)
- A. Mobasheri (Vilnius, LT)
- L. Vonk (Teltow, DE)
- L. Gao (Homburg, DE)
- M. Sato (Isehara, JP)
- B. Grigolo (Bologna, IT)
- M. Stoddart (Davos Platz, CH)