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Displaying One Session

01/01/1970

03. Parasites of domestic and wild animals
Session Type
03. Parasites of domestic and wild animals
Date
08/24/2022
Session Time
13:15 - 14:45
Room
Hall B4.M7+8
03. Parasites of domestic and wild animals

HOST-SPECIFIC RESPONSES OF CANIDS TO ANGIOSTRONGYLUS VASORUM INFECTION - A PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS (ID 414)

Session Type
03. Parasites of domestic and wild animals
Date
08/24/2022
Session Time
13:15 - 14:45
Room
Hall B4.M7+8
Lecture Time
13:15 - 13:30
Onsite or Pre-Recorded
Onsite

Abstract

Introduction

The cardiopulmonary nematode Angiostrongylus vasorum can induce respiratory distress and coagulopathies in infected dogs. Clinical signs in foxes, which act as reservoir hosts, are rare, despite high prevalence. We aimed to evaluate the impact of infection on fox coagulation and immune response and to identify differences in comparison with dogs.

Methods

Serum proteins from eight experimentally infected foxes before and after inoculation (4 time points) were analysed by quantitative proteomics and data compared to available dog data.

Results

Bone marrow proteoglycan, chitinase 3-like protein 1, and pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B were the most prominently increased proteins, indicating upregulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Proteins involved in coagulation were either decreased or increased. This was reflected in pathways such as “platelet degranulation” and “haemostasis”, which were enriched through both in- and decreased proteins, implying simultaneous activation and suppression of coagulation in foxes. Qualitative comparison to dog data suggested a more adequate immunopathological response of foxes to A. vasorum infection, possibly facilitating persistence of infection in foxes.

Conclusions

We concluded that foxes may be more tolerant to A. vasorum infection compared to dogs, likely reflecting a longer evolutionary host–parasite adaptation in foxes.

Based on work published in Pathogens 2021, 10, 1513, https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10111513

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03. Parasites of domestic and wild animals

A COPROLOGICAL SURVEY OF SEMI-CAPTIVE BABOONS AT KNOWSLEY SAFARI PARK, UK REVEALS TRICHURIASIS, GIARDIASIS AND STRONGYLOIDIASIS (ID 427)

Session Type
03. Parasites of domestic and wild animals
Date
08/24/2022
Session Time
13:15 - 14:45
Room
Hall B4.M7+8
Lecture Time
13:30 - 13:45
Onsite or Pre-Recorded
Onsite

Abstract

Introduction

Knowsley Safari Park, Prescot, England maintains an unique semi-captive colony of some 250 olive baboons (Papio anubis). As part of the safari drive experience, visitors to the baboon enclosure can view animals up close, either within their own cars or in buses provided by the park. When vehicles stop, baboons often mount and defaecate upon vehicle surfaces. We therefore conducted an extensive coprological investigation, comparing stools obtained from vehicle surfaces versus those from baboon sleeping areas, to make a public health appraisal and animal welfare check.

Methods

Across four separate days of intensive faecal sampling, augmented with video analyses of vehicle entry-exit times and baboon-vehicle behaviours, a total of 645 stools were obtained and 2,662 vehicles observed. Faecal material was examined by standard parasitological methods inclusive of: coproscopy of Kato-Katz slides and charcoal cultures, and a rapid diagnostic test, namely QUIK-CHEK. The latter detects giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis.

Results

Vehicles that spent more than 15 minutes inside the enclosure were 1.5 times more likely to be defecated upon than those spending less than 15 minutes inside. Overall prevalence of trichuriasis was 48.0% (95% CI: 41.8-54.2%), giardiasis was 37.4% (95% CI: 33.7-41.1%) and strongyloidiasis was 13.7% (95% CI: 12.0-15.4%). It was later judged, however, that QUIK-CHECK returned false positive results for no faecal cysts of Giardia could be seen upon formalin-ethyl acetate concentration. A sub-set of parasite material was subjected to DNA characterisation, confirming the presence of Trichuris trichiura and Strongyloides fuelleborni.

Conclusions

Our findings will be discussed in relation to future park management plans for this baboon enclosure.

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03. Parasites of domestic and wild animals

GENETIC DIVERSITY OF ECHINOCOCCUS CANADENSIS GENOTYPES G8 AND G10 BASED ON COMPLETE MITOCHONDRIAL GENOMES (ID 1219)

Session Type
03. Parasites of domestic and wild animals
Date
08/24/2022
Session Time
13:15 - 14:45
Room
Hall B4.M7+8
Lecture Time
13:45 - 14:00
Onsite or Pre-Recorded
Onsite

Abstract

Introduction

The species complex of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato is responsible for the zoonotic disease cystic echinococcosis (CE). Among this species complex is Echinococcus canadensis with genotypes G8 and G10 which have a sylvatic life cycle – primarily circulating between wild cervids and wolves. Although a number of studies have provided relevant data on the genetic diversity for these genotypes, they have been based on single mitochondrial genes or gene fragments. The aim of the current study was to provide a high-resolution analysis of the genetic diversity of E. canadensis G8 and G10 based on complete mitochondrial genomes.

Methods

Complete mitochondrial genomes (approx. 13 500 bp) were sequenced for a total of 29 E. canadensis samples originating from Finland, Sweden, Russia, Poland, Latvia, and Estonia. Genetic diversity was explored based on median joining phylogenetic network analysis and population indices.

Results

Of the 29 E. canadensis samples, 14 were shown to belong to G8, and G10 was represented by 15 samples. The phylogenetic network revealed the presence of 5 different G8 haplotypes, whereas G10 samples were shown to cluster into 7 haplotypes. Interestingly, the haplotype cluster of G8 was separated from G10 by more than 420 mutations.

Conclusions

The current study provides the first high resolution mitochondrial phylogenomic diversity analysis of E. canadensis genotypes G8 and G10. Furthermore, the study reveales enormous genetic divergence of G8 and G10 based on mitochondrial genomes.

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03. Parasites of domestic and wild animals

PARASITOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN DOMESTIC ANIMALS AND THE SPECTACLED BEAR (TREMARCTOS ORNATUS) IN THE CENTRAL ANDES OF COLOMBIA (ID 94)

Session Type
03. Parasites of domestic and wild animals
Date
08/24/2022
Session Time
13:15 - 14:45
Room
Hall B4.M7+8
Lecture Time
14:00 - 14:05
Onsite or Pre-Recorded
Onsite

Abstract

Introduction

Parasites in Andean bears Tremartus ornatus are a relevant area of interest. Here we present a first study of the endoparasites species infecting T. ornatus and domestics animals in rural high mountains of Colombia

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study using coprological techniques in order to identify domestic and wild parasites on the border of the reserve forest, directly from the rectum or fresh samples.

Results

A total population of 98/264 specimens tested positive for at least one parasite (60.93%). We identified a different prevalence in each sampled species: 35/58 in T. ornatus (60%) [95% CI = 48% - 73%], 31/112 in B. taurus (28%) [95% CI = 8%-26%], and 22/48 in Equus caballus (46%) [95% CI = 26%-60%]. The most prevalent parasites in T. ornatus were Eimeria spp. (30%) [95% CI = 18.2% - 41.8%], Ascaris spp. (21.7%) [95% CI = 11.1% - 32.3%], Ancylostoma spp. (15 %) [95% CI = 5.8% - 24.2%], Baylisascaris spp. (13.3%) [95% CI = 4.6% - 22.1%], Cryptosporidium spp. (10%) [95% CI = 2.3% - 17.7%], Balantidium coli (5%) [95% CI = 0.6% - 10.6%], Anoplocepha spp. (3.3%) [95% CI = 1.3% - 8.0%], and Acanthamoeba spp. (1.7%) [95% CI = 1.6% - 5%].

Conclusions

Endoparasites such as Eimeria spp. in T. ornatus are abundant, but the species circulating, and their level of pathogenicity are unknown. Cryptosporidium spp. and Buxtonella sulcata are common parasites in T. ornatus, B. taurus and E. caballus that require further studies around the circulating species and the clinical effects in these populations

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03. Parasites of domestic and wild animals

TICK INFESTATION OF FALLOW AND RED DEER IN TAPADA NACIONAL PARK (MAFRA, PORTUGAL) (ID 438)

Session Type
03. Parasites of domestic and wild animals
Date
08/24/2022
Session Time
13:15 - 14:45
Room
Hall B4.M7+8
Lecture Time
14:05 - 14:10
Onsite or Pre-Recorded
Onsite

Abstract

Introduction

Hard ticks can easily spread and colonise novel regions. However, some factors such as habitat, climatic conditions, or available hosts determine the distribution and abundance of ticks. The main objectives of this study were to identify the hard tick species present in fallow deer and red deer in Tapada Nacional Park (Mafra, Portugal).

Methods

Ticks from red deer (n=14) and fallow deer (n= 71) were manually collected in Tapada, from 2012 to 2019.Ticks were kept in 70% ethanol and carried out to the laboratory to be identified using morphological keys.

Results

A total of 596 tick, adults, were collected from cervids; 193 males and 403 females. Ixodes ricinus (73.15%) was the most prevalent tick both in fallow and red deer, followed by Riphicephalus sanguineus (11.4%), Hyalomma impeltatum (4.19%), H. detritum detritum and H. punctata (2.35%), D. marginatus (1.17%), H. sulcata (1.01), H. lusitanicum (0.84%) and I. hexagonus (0.3%). 3.19% of ticks were only identified to genus level as Hyalomma sp. The mean number of ticks per animal was similar in fallow deer and in red deer (7.2 and 5.9).

Conclusions

The high incidence of I. ricinus is probably due to the climatic conditions of Tapada National Park (warm temperate, moist forest climate, with wet winters, dry summers) and host availability. The presence of R. sanguineus was higher than expected although it can be explained by a high presence of canids in the park. Finally, the unexpected presence of several Hyalomma species could be due to the ability of ticks to adapt to different environmental conditions.

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03. Parasites of domestic and wild animals

CHANGES IN GUT MICROBIOTA COMPOSITION ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRESENCE OF ENTERIC PROTIST BLASTOCYSTIS IN CAPTIVE FOREST MUSK DEER (MOSCHUS BEREZOVSKII) (ID 690)

Session Type
03. Parasites of domestic and wild animals
Date
08/24/2022
Session Time
13:15 - 14:45
Room
Hall B4.M7+8
Lecture Time
14:10 - 14:15
Onsite or Pre-Recorded
Onsite

Abstract

Introduction

Blastocystis is a common protistan parasite inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract of a wide range of hosts including humans, domestic and wild animals. Many studies have revealed the associations between Blastocystis and gut microbiome in humans. However, only a few studies have focused on the associations between Blastocystis and gut microbiome of animals, especially in forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii).

Methods

Two subtypes of Blastocystis (ST5 and ST10) and Blastocystis-free were included in this study. The effects of the Blastocystis colonization on the intestinal bacterial community compositions were investigated using amplicon sequencing targeting the V4 variable region of the 16S rRNA.

Results

We found that compared with the forest musk deer without Blastocystis, ST10-colonized forest musk deer had higher bacterial richness and diversity, while ST5-colonized forest musk deer showed a comparable bacterial diversity. Likewise, beta diversity revealed significant differences in bacterial community structure between ST10-colonized and Blastocystis-free forest musk deer. The proportion of Bacteroidetes was significantly enriched in ST10-colonized forest musk deer. Bacterial community structure between ST5-colonized and Blastocystis-free forest musk deer did not differ significantly.

Conclusions

The present study explored the associations between Blastocystis and gut microbial community of forest musk deer for the first time, and revealed ST10 colonization, instead of ST5, is associated with higher bacterial diversity and shifted microbial structure. Our data provides valuable insights into the associations between gut microbiomes and parasites.

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03. Parasites of domestic and wild animals

PRE-RECORDED: THE STATUS OF THE PENTASTOMID, LINGUATULA SERRATA, IN AUSTRALIA. (ID 724)

Session Type
03. Parasites of domestic and wild animals
Date
08/24/2022
Session Time
13:15 - 14:45
Room
Hall B4.M7+8
Lecture Time
14:15 - 14:20
Presentation Icon
Pre-Recorded Presentation
Onsite or Pre-Recorded
Pre-Recorded

Abstract

Introduction

Linguatula serrata, an obligate pentastomid parasite of mammals, has a cosmopolitan distribution, however, until 2017, there had only been a handful of reports of L. serrata in Australian animals. As such, L. serrata was considered a rare, and even accidental, parasite in Australia.

Methods

Over the past few years the Parasitology Laboratory at Charles Sturt University has undertaken a number of projects looking at the distribution, morphology and molecular characterisation of L. serrata in Australia.

Results

The prevalence and distribution of L. serrata in Australia was found to be significant within certain environmental regions. New intermediate and definitive hosts have been recorded, including both introduced and native Australian animals. Molecular characterisation has shown the specimens to be L. serrata, although analyses have raised doubts on identifications of other specimens around the world.

Conclusions

This talk will present a summary of the recent work conducted within our laboratory on L. serrata in Australia, and also some related species of Linguatula from other areas of the world.

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03. Parasites of domestic and wild animals

PRE-RECORDED: COMPARISON OF FOUR COMMERCIAL METHODS FOR THE EXTRACTION DNA BY TWO MOLECULAR METHODS FOR TRITRICHOMONAS FOETUS DNA IDENTIFICATION IN SPIKED FELINE FECES (ID 1081)

Session Type
03. Parasites of domestic and wild animals
Date
08/24/2022
Session Time
13:15 - 14:45
Room
Hall B4.M7+8
Lecture Time
14:20 - 14:25
Presentation Icon
Pre-Recorded Presentation
Onsite or Pre-Recorded
Pre-Recorded

Abstract

Introduction

Tritrichomonas foetus causes large bowel diarrhea in cats. Due to low specificity, it is difficult to identify a parasite only based on clinical signs. Therefore, molecular tests are currently used. However, the extraction of DNA from fecal samples can be quite challenging because of the presence of PCR inhibitors that are coextracted with DNA. In our study, four commercially available DNA extraction kits were compared in terms of their effect on the two molecular assays.

Methods

Fecal samples were spiked with an appropriate number of T.foetus cells (series of dilutions corresponded to 10000, 1000, 100, 10, 1 and 0.1 cells per sample, each variant in 6 replicates). DNA of T. foetus from feces was extracted using:(Q) QIAamp® DNA Stool Mini Kit (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA), (U) UltraClean Fecal DNA Kit (50 preps) (MO BIO, San Diego, CA), (S) Sherlock AX / 100 isolation (A&A Biotechnology, Gdynia, Poland) and (Z) ZR Fecal MiniPrep (Zymo Research, Irvine, CA). PCR and the in-house LAMP for the identification of T. foetus were used for the evaluation of isolation kits.

Results

The highest number of positive results were obtained by LAMP with Z (33.3%) in fecal samples spiked with equivalent to 0.1 cell. A lower number of positive results were found after extraction by Q in LAMP (66%) and PCR (33%) with 1 cell. Surprisingly, S has relatively high efficiency. LAMP was able to detect Tritrichomonas foetus cells on the level of spiking 10 cells with 16.6%.The least sensitive method was U which could only detect 100 cells (33%) by LAMP and 100 cells (16,6%) by PCR.

Conclusions

Our investigation showed the highest efficacy Z dedicated for fecal samples in T. foetus detection by LAMP. Furthermore, it is worth to noticed that the first-time efficacy of the extractions method was evaluated by LAMP.

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03. Parasites of domestic and wild animals

PRE-RECORDED: SCAVENGER RECEPTOR B TYPE 1 (SR-BI) IS INVOLVED IN APICOMPLEXAN PARASITE REPLICATION IN VITRO (ID 1145)

Session Type
03. Parasites of domestic and wild animals
Date
08/24/2022
Session Time
13:15 - 14:45
Room
Hall B4.M7+8
Lecture Time
14:25 - 14:30
Presentation Icon
Pre-Recorded Presentation
Onsite or Pre-Recorded
Pre-Recorded

Abstract

Introduction

Coccidia parasites are important obligate intracellular pathogens that affect humans and animals. These parasites are defective in cholesterol de novo synthesis but vastly need this molecule for membrane biosynthesis and offspring formation. Therefore, cholesterol must be scavenged from host cells, mainly via extracellular LDL particles.

Methods

We studied the role of scavenger receptor B type I (SR-BI) in the development of fast (Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Besnoitia besnoiti) and slow (Eimeria bovis and Eimeria arloingi) replicating coccidian species by estimating the effects of the SR-BI-specific blocker BLT-1 on parasite replication.

Results

Overall, BLT-1 treatments significantly inhibited replication of all 5 coccidian parasites here studied indicating a common SR-BI-related key mechanism during parasite proliferation. Moreover, BLT1-mediated blockage of SR-BI induced an enhancement of host cell lipid droplet abundance and neutral lipid content, thereby confirming the importance of this receptor in lipid metabolism. However, SR-BI gene transcription was not affected by T. gondii, N. caninum and B. besnoiti infections. Interestingly, BLT-1 treatment of infective stages reduced the invasive capacity of all fast-replicating parasites paralleled by a sustained increase in cytoplasmic Ca++ levels.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the data suggest a conserved role of SR-BI in successful coccidian proliferation.

Larrazabal, C.; López-Osorio, S.; Velásquez, Z.D.; Hermosilla, C.; Taubert, A.; Silva, L.M.R. Thiosemicarbazone Copper Chelator BLT-1 Blocks Apicomplexan Parasite Replication by Selective Inhibition of Scavenger Receptor B Type 1 (SR-BI). Microorganisms 2021, 9, 2372. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112372

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03. Parasites of domestic and wild animals

A GENERAL OVERVIEW ON HELMINTHS EXISTENCE IN CHEHRABAD SALT MINE (ID 1318)

Session Type
03. Parasites of domestic and wild animals
Date
08/24/2022
Session Time
13:15 - 14:45
Room
Hall B4.M7+8
Lecture Time
14:30 - 14:35
Onsite or Pre-Recorded
Onsite

Abstract

Introduction

Using Paleoparasitology investigation, the existence of parasite life cycle in ancient time can be imagined. These findings can be also representative of diet and traits of human and animals in distant past. The archeological salt mine of Chehrabad has offered an appropriate preservation condition to interested researchers in finding helminths' remains from coprolites.

Methods

After collecting the samples and guess the origin and dating of coprolites, tri-sodium phosphate (TSP) solution was used to rehydrate the coprolites. From each two millimeters of samples, twenty microscopic slides were prepared and fixed using glycerin- gel fixation method. All the founded parasites were photographed using a camera equipped microscope.

Results

Different phyla of helminths including nematodes, cestodes and trematodes were detected during this investigation. Including the strongyles, Trichuris sp. , Fasciola hepatica sp. , Acantocephala sp. , Taenia sp., free living nematodes and Ascaris sp., .

Conclusions

Revealing of different helminths of animals in this archeological site till now illustrates the existence of almost the common current parasites of nowadays in ancient Iran. Along with exclusive parasites of animals such as Syphacia obvelata and Tricosomoides cracicauda of rats, equine pinworm "Oxyuris equi", anoplocephalan worms of herbivores some other zoonotic helminths like Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus that may accidentally occur in humans at the time being have been identified in this site. Regarding the great volume of biological remains available in different layers of this salt mine mainly animal experiments, detecting of more parasite species can be expected in future paleoparasitological investigations.

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03. Parasites of domestic and wild animals

Q&A (ID 2364)

Session Type
03. Parasites of domestic and wild animals
Date
08/24/2022
Session Time
13:15 - 14:45
Room
Hall B4.M7+8
Lecture Time
14:35 - 14:45
Onsite or Pre-Recorded
Onsite