Neuronal specification and differentiation require precise spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression programs. How these programs are transcriptionally coordinated in progenitors and postmitotic neurons during development is poorly understood. Chromatin regulation may provide a mechanism to orchestrate transcriptional programs since environmental stimuli and neuronal activity can induce chromatin epigenetic changes. This symposium will focus on epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of neuronal development. D. Jabaudon will present single-cell RNA sequencing data to trace the lineage of mouse cortical apical progenitors (APs) and their daughter neurons. Moreover, he will discuss how the Polycomb chromatin repressor complex epigenetically regulates AP temporal progression into distinct postmitotic progenies of cortical neurons. A. Riccio will discuss the role of chromatin remodelling complex NuRD in mouse cortical development and how neurotrophins and nitric oxide regulate chromatin remodelling complex activity. S-nitrosylation of epigenetic factors will be also discussed. F. Rijli will discuss the recent identification of distinct Polycomb chromatin signatures regulating activity-dependent transcription in developing somatosensory neurons during whisker-related barrelette map formation. B. Treutlein will present single-cell genomics tools to study human brain development and discuss comparative transcriptomics between human, chimpanzee and macaque using brain organoids.