I am a consultant paediatric cardiac intensivist working in a team of cardiac intensivists responsible for the care of children on the cardiac intensive care unit at Great Ormond Street Hospital in London, which is a tertiary referral centre for children with congenital heart disease (before and after cardiac surgery including heart and heart-lung transplantation), severe cardiac failure due to acquired causes, primary pulmonary hypertension, large airway disease as well as a nationally commissioned centre for infants and children with intractable respiratory or cardio-respiratory failure needing ECMO or bridge to heart transplantation on mechanical assist devices. I lead on a theme of neuromonitoring, neuroprotection and neurological outcome in children with congenital heart defects and those supported on mechanical circulatory support including ECMO and VAD with the aim to improve service delivery and ultimate quality of life. My current research focus is to establish measures to identify neurological impairment and neurodisability pre and post major cardiac surgery, to study the effects of neuroprotective interventions and outcome, and to study tissue oxygen saturation by NIRS as an early marker of brain ischaemia and low cardiac output state. I am committed to clinical governance, patient safety in the cardiothoracic division at Great Ormond Street Hospital, and have led on various quality improvement initiatives to develop and foster a sustainable safety focussed culture. I am a member of the Euro ELSO Scientific Committee and the chair of the Euro ELSO Working Group on Neurological Monitoring and Outcome, and the Deputy Chair of the Cardiac ICU & Mechanical Circulatory Support section in ESPNIC.

Author Of 7 Presentations

COURSE INDUCTION AND INTRODUCTION OF PARTICIPANTS AND FACULTY

RISKS, MANAGEMENT AND COMPLICATIONS OF ECMO

Room
Papageno Hall
Date
18.06.2019
Session Time
11:00 - 12:30
Duration
20 Minutes

ECPR – RESUSCITATION GUIDELINES, INDICATIONS, OUTCOMES

Room
Papageno Hall
Date
18.06.2019
Session Time
11:00 - 12:30
Duration
20 Minutes

IMPROVING OUTCOMES IN SINGLE VENTRICLE PALLATION

Room
Doppler Hall
Date
19.06.2019
Session Time
09:10 - 10:40
Duration
20 Minutes

DESIGN OF A PROTOCOL-DRIVEN ALGORITHM TO IMPROVE AND ASSESS THE UTILITY OF NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (NIRS) IN THE CARDIAC INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (CICU)

Room
Poster Area 1
Date
19.06.2019
Session Time
12:20 - 13:40
Session Name
POSTER WALK SESSION 01
Duration
5 Minutes

Abstract

Background

NIRS is widely used in paediatric cardiac surgery to monitor cerebral perfusion. It is increasingly used in the postoperative period, however there are no universally accepted guidelines on use and interpretation.

Objectives

We reviewed existing literature and designed a protocol in the CICU for NIRS monitoring and intervention. Our main objective was to determine if protocol-driven NIRS monitoring can help early recognition of haemodynamic instability and neurological compromise.

Methods

We designed algorithms for 3 distinct patient populations: 1) Bilateral cerebral monitoring for those supported on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and 2) Cerebral and somatic (renal) monitoring in those post-cardiac surgery. Different NIRS targets and intervention thresholds were developed for the 2 post-operative patient groups: univentricular and biventricular physiology with incorporation of clinical, biochemical and imaging parameters that would help identify the cause for NIRS desaturation.

Results

nirs image.pngThe protocol was peer-reviewed and implemented after adequate staff training. While electronic data collection is ongoing, to date we identified one patient on ECMO who developed seizures and was found to have a unilateral intracranial bleed. The cerebral saturation was persistently low with a 20% drop on affected side with no change on the opposite side preceding the seizures by a few hours. Having a protocol has increased NIRS usage in a meaningful way for high-risk patients.

Conclusion

Use of NIRS is controversial given concerns regarding reliability and difficult interpretation with no published intervention algorithms. The algorithms that we have developed will help determine the potential usefulness of NIRS monitoring in the CICU.

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THE ROLE OF CONTINUOUS EEG MONITORING IN CHILDREN ADMITTED TO A CARDIAC INTENSIVE CARE UNIT  

Room
Mozart Hall 1
Date
19.06.2019
Session Time
13:40 - 15:10
Duration
7 Minutes

Abstract

Background

Patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or following cardiac surgery are at a high risk of neurological complications, including intracranial haemorrhage, stroke and seizures and, therefore, at risk of future neurodisability. EEG is often utilised as a neuromonitoring tool in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) as children are sedated and muscle relaxed. However, continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) is not employed routinely.

Objectives

We evaluated our practice with the aim to reach a consensus in duration of EEG monitoring.

Methods

All patients who received EEG monitoring on CICU while on ECMO or following cardiac surgery from 01/11/2017 until 31/10/2018 were included. Data was collected retrospectively from patients’ clinical notes and the Clinical Neurophysiology database.

Results

Sixty-four patients were identified: 29(45%) on ECMO and 35(55%) post-op. Median age was 7 months (1 day-15 years). Out of the 120 EEG recordings, the majority (n=101, 84%) were less than an hour in duration, and 19 (16%) were prolonged ranging from 2 to 72 hours. Seven had seizures detected on EEG with or without clinical signs (3 electrographic and 4 electro-clinical) and 5 were detected during prolonged EEG recordings. Antiepileptic drugs were administered in 9 children following strong clinical suspicion. None of the subsequent recordings detected seizure activity.

Conclusion

This small study highlights the importance of a standardised approach to prolonged or continuous EEG monitoring for certain high-risk patient groups. Not only does it lead to seizure detection but also strengthens the assessment of neurological status and detection of potential asymmetries prompting appropriate neuro-imaging.

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Presentation files

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WHEN ON ECMO AND VAD

Room
Mozart Hall 2
Date
20.06.2019
Session Time
15:40 - 17:10
Duration
20 Minutes

Presenter of 5 Presentations

COURSE INDUCTION AND INTRODUCTION OF PARTICIPANTS AND FACULTY

RISKS, MANAGEMENT AND COMPLICATIONS OF ECMO

Room
Papageno Hall
Date
18.06.2019
Session Time
11:00 - 12:30
Duration
20 Minutes

ECPR – RESUSCITATION GUIDELINES, INDICATIONS, OUTCOMES

Room
Papageno Hall
Date
18.06.2019
Session Time
11:00 - 12:30
Duration
20 Minutes

IMPROVING OUTCOMES IN SINGLE VENTRICLE PALLATION

Room
Doppler Hall
Date
19.06.2019
Session Time
09:10 - 10:40
Duration
20 Minutes

WHEN ON ECMO AND VAD

Room
Mozart Hall 2
Date
20.06.2019
Session Time
15:40 - 17:10
Duration
20 Minutes

Moderator of 2 Sessions

SHORT ORAL PRESENTATION
Room
Mozart Hall 1
Date
19.06.2019
Session Time
13:40 - 15:10

Session Webcast

SHORT SCIENTIFIC SESSION
Room
Papageno Hall
Date
20.06.2019
Session Time
17:10 - 18:10

Facilitator Of

PRE-MEETING DAY

Workshop 02: ECMO Simulation Workshop

Session Description
HANDS ON AND SIMULATION SESSIONS
SECTION 1: ECMO CIRCUIT
SECTION 2: TROUBLESHOOTING ON ECMO
SECTION 3: ECMO CANNULATION
SECTION 4: SIMULATION SCENARIO-TEAM WORK
Room
Paracelsus Hall
Date
18.06.2019
Session Time
13:30 - 17:00