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- Guillermo Antonio De Velasco Oria (Madrid, Spain)
- Michiel S. Van der Heijden (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
1451MO - In-situ immune markers predict nivolumab (N) +/-ipilimumab (I) efficacy in frontline metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC): Key ancillary analyses from the BIONIKK randomized trial
- Maxime Meylan (Boston, United States of America)
Abstract
Background
The randomized phase II BIONIKK trial (NCT02960906) has recently suggested that ccrcc molecular grouping could enhance response rate to N, NI and VEGFR-TKI in patients (pts) with frontline mRCC. We further identified biomarkers of N+/-I efficacy in a comprehensive translational research program characterizing
Methods
Archived paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue samples were collected for all pts within the BIONIKK trial and centrally reviewed by an expert pathologist (VV). Using immunohistochemistry, we quantified main immune populations including T cells (CD3), B cells (CD20), tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), and markers of immune activation (PD-1/ki67). Outcomes were objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (mPFS) evaluated by investigator (RECIST1.1) and early progression, defined by progression events occurring before 6 months.
Results
160/199 mRCC pts participating in the BIONIKK trial had available FFPE samples (N:42, NI: 84, TKI: 34). In N-treated patients, TLS>2 was associated with higher ORR (73% vs 15%, p<0.01), longer mPFS (not reached (IC95%: 8.0-NE months) vs 2.4 months (IC95%: 2.3-8 months), p=0.015) and less early progressions (18% vs 63%, p=0.03). In pts treated with NI, TLS>2 correlated with response (71% vs 40%, p=0.02); higher densities of Ki67+PD1+ cells were associated with longer mPFS (16.3 months, IC95%: 10.9-NE, vs 8.25 months (IC95% 4.8-13.8 months, p=0.015), and lower events of early progressions (16% vs 41%, p=0.04). By combining TLS (>2) and Ki67/PD1 (>median) we identified pts with both high response rates (80% vs 43% p<0.01) and lower early progression events (5% vs 36%, p=0.02). A comprehensive
Conclusions
We report from a randomized biomarker driven clinical trial that the number of TLS and ki67+PD1+ density likely predict N and NI efficacy in frontline mccRCC pts and that a composite score allows identification of patients with improved outcomes in NI.
Clinical trial identification
NCT02960906.
Legal entity responsible for the study
The authors.
Funding
Bristol Myers Squibb, ARTIC.
Disclosure
M. Bennamoun: Financial Interests, Invited Speaker: Janssen, AstraZeneca, Ipsen, Astellas. C.M. Chevreau: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Ipsen, BMS, LEO, MSD; Financial Interests, Institutional, Invited Speaker, only for overhead: MSD, Ipsen, Karyopharm, Exelisis. D. Borchiellini: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myer Squibb, Ipsen, Janssen, Merck, Pfizer; Financial Interests, Institutional, Advisory Board: MSD; Financial Interests, Institutional, Invited Speaker, Clinical Research: Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myer Squibb, Exelixis, Infinity, Janssen, MSD, Roche, Taiho Oncology. P. Barthelemy: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: BMS, MSD, Merck, Pfizer, Ipsen, Bayer, Janssen Cilag, Astellas, Novartis, AMGEN; Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: AstraZeneca, Seagen. M. Gross Goupil: Financial Interests, Advisory Board: BMS, MSD, Ipsen, Pfizer; Financial Interests, Invited Speaker: BMS, MSD, Ipsen, Pfizer; Financial Interests, Sponsor/Funding: Ipsen, Janssen. C. Tournigand: Financial Interests, Invited Speaker: MSD, BMS; Financial Interests, Sponsor/Funding: MSD. S. Oudard: Financial Interests, Invited Speaker: BMS, Pfizer. Y. Vano: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Ipsen, BMS, MSD, Pfizer, Novartis, Merck; Financial Interests, Institutional, Funding, Funding support for the CABIR study: Ipsen; Financial Interests, Institutional, Funding, Funding support for the BIONIKK study: Bristol Myers Squibb; Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker, Member of the scientific committee of the WITNESS study: Bristol Myers Squibb. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
1452MO - Longitudinal analysis reveals gut microbiota shift during standard therapies in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC)
- Carolina Alves Costa Silva (Villejuif, Cedex, France)
Abstract
Background
Baseline GM composition is associated with pts outcomes in immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB)-treated mRCC. GM shift during mRCC therapies has never been described. We report IMDC risk and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI)’s GM signatures and changes during ICB and TKI treatment.
Methods
We prospectively collected fecal samples of all comers mRCC pts who started a 1st or >2nd line (ICB or TKI or combinations) in the NCT04567446 trial at Gustave Roussy. Fecal samples were collected before and during treatment (within 1, 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment start). Shot gun metagenomic sequencing (MGS) data were analyzed by multivariate and pair-wise/fold ratio. Patients under TKI were classified as either responders (R) (CR+PR+SD and OS>12 months) or non-responders (NR) (PD and OS<12 months). Patients under ICB were classified as elite if CR+PR with PFS>12 months and OS>24 months by RECIST1.1.
Results
From February 2016 to July 2021, 160 mRCC pts were screened for enrollment and 127 met inclusion criteria. TKI-ORR was 48%, more than a half experienced related diarrhea and ICB-ORR was 31%. Overall, we observed significant differences in alpha and beta diversity of GM between IMDC risk groups, intermediate IMDC harboring immunogenic commensals (
Conclusions
In this largest longitudinal MGS study, we conclude that in contrast to ICB, TKI favor the over-representation of harmful commensals despite treatment success. TKI increased bacteria related to carcinogenesis, weight loss, sarcopenia and inflammation as a possible consequence of gastrointestinal toxicity. Our data provide new rationale for decision making in first line and treatment sequencing in mRCC.
Clinical trial identification
NCT04567446.
Legal entity responsible for the study
Laurence Zitvogel and Lisa Derosa (Gustave Roussy).
Funding
RHU Lumière and Gustave Roussy Foundation.
Disclosure
B. Escudier: Financial Interests, Personal, Other: Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS), Aveo Pharmaceuticals, Eisai, Ipsen, Oncorena, Pfizer. L. Zitvogel: Financial Interests, Other: Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS), Sanofi, Kaleiodo, Roche, Glaxo-SmithKline, Daiichi Sankyo, Transgene; Non-Financial Interests, Member: Everimmune. L. Albiges: Financial Interests, Institutional, Other, Consulting: Astellas, AstraZeneca, BMS, Eisai, Ipsen, Janssen, MSD, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator: Pfizer, BMS, Ipsen, AVEO, AstraZeneca, MSD; Non-Financial Interests, Other, Clinical Trial Steering Committee: Roche, Exelixis; Non-Financial Interests, Member: ASCO; Non-Financial Interests, Other, Medical Steering Committee: Kidney Cancer Association; Non-Financial Interests, Other, Member of the Renal Cell Carcinoma Guidelines Panel: European Association of Urology (EAU); Non-Financial Interests, Other, Member of the Kidney Cancer Research Summit Scientific Committee 2021: Kidney Can; Other, Scientific Committee: BMS France. L. Derosa: Financial Interests, Personal, Other: Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS), Sanofi. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
LBA69 - Belzutifan, a HIF-2α Inhibitor, for von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease-associated neoplasms: 36 months of follow-up of the phase II LITESPARK-004 study
- Ramaprasad Srinivasan (Bethesda, United States of America)
Abstract
Background
Transcription factor HIF-2α is an established oncogenic driver, and its activation in VHL disease is caused by germline alterations in the
Methods
Adults with germline
Results
As of April 1, 2022, 38 of 61 pts (62%) remain on treatment; primary reasons for treatment discontinuation were pt decision (n = 11; 18%) and disease progression (n = 6; 10%). Median follow-up was 37.8 mo (range, 36.1-46.1 mo). Of 61 pts with RCC, ORR was 64% (95% CI 50.6-75.8; 4 CRs, 35 PRs). Median TTR was 11.1 mo (range, 2.7-30.5 mo), and median DOR was not reached (range, 5.4+ to 35.8+ mo). Of 22 pts with pNET, ORR was 91% (95% CI 70.8-98.9; 7 CRs, 13 PRs); median DOR was not reached (range, 11.0+ to 37.3+ mo). Of 50 pts with CNS hemangioblastomas, ORR was 44% (95% CI 30.0-58.7; 4 CRs, 18 PRs); median DOR was not reached (range, 3.7+ to 38.7+ mo). Of 16 evaluable eyes in 12 pts with retinal hemangioblastomas, 100% showed improvement. Grade 3 treatment-related AEs (TRAEs) occurred in 18% of pts (n = 11); anemia was most common (n = 7; 11%). No grade 4 or 5 TRAEs occurred. No new safety findings were observed with additional follow-up.
Conclusions
With a median follow-up of 37.8 mo, belzutifan continues to demonstrate clinically meaningful antitumor activity and durable responses in VHL disease–associated RCC, pNET, and CNS and retinal hemangioblastomas, with a manageable safety profile.
Clinical trial identification
NCT03401788; Release date: January 17, 2018.
Editorial acknowledgement
Medical writing and/or editorial assistance was provided by Mallory Campbell, PhD, and Matthew Grzywacz, PhD, of ApotheCom (Yardley, PA, USA). This assistance was funded by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA.
Legal entity responsible for the study
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA.
Funding
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA.
Disclosure
R. Srinivasan: Financial Interests, Institutional, Funding: Merck/Peloton. O. Iliopoulos: Financial Interests, Personal, Full or part-time Employment: Chiesi Inc; Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Role: Merck Inc.. W..K. Rathmell: Financial Interests, Personal, Stocks/Shares, Spouse activation of stock options in company: Caribou; Financial Interests, Personal, Stocks/Shares, stock options: sitryx; Financial Interests, Institutional, Invited Speaker, Clinical trial: Merck; Financial Interests, Institutional, Invited Speaker, Clinical Trial: Pfizer, BMS; Financial Interests, Institutional, Research Grant, Lab research - pilot funds: Incyte; Non-Financial Interests, Advisory Role, Scientific Advisory Committee: Bayer. V. Narayan: Financial Interests, Personal and Institutional, Advisory Board: Merck, Janssen, Pfizer; Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Exilixis, Myovant; Financial Interests, Personal and Institutional, Research Grant: Merck, Janssen, Pfizer. B.L. Maughan: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Role: AbbVie, Pfizer, AVEO oncology, Janssen, Astellas, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Clovis, Tempus, Merck, Exelixis, Bayer Oncology, Peloton Therapeutics;; Financial Interests, Institutional, Funding: Exelixis, Bavarian-Nordic, Clovis, Bristol-Myers Squibb. S. Oudard: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board, consultancy, advisory role: Sanofi; Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker, public speaking and advisory role: Janssen; Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board, advisory role and public speaking: AstraZeneca, MSD, Merck, Astellas, Ipsen, Pfizer, Roche, Genetech; Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board, Advirory board and public speaking: BMS, bayer, Novartis. T. Else: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Role: Merck, HRA Pharma, Corcept, Progenics; Financial Interests, Institutional, Research Grant: Merck, Strongbridge, Corcept. J.K. Maranchie: Financial Interests, Institutional, Principal Investigator: Merck, Janssen, Coimmune; Financial Interests, Institutional, Sponsor/Funding: Merck, Janssen, Coimmune. K. Chen: Non-Financial Interests, Institutional, Full or part-time Employment: Merck Research Laboratories, Biostatistics and Research Decision Sciences Department. R.F. Perini: Financial Interests, Personal and Institutional, Stocks/Shares: MSD; Financial Interests, Personal and Institutional, Full or part-time Employment: MSD; Financial Interests, Personal and Institutional, Advisory Role: MSD. Y. Liu: Financial Interests, Personal, Full or part-time Employment: Merck. E. Jonasch: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Aveo, Aravive, Eisai; Financial Interests, Institutional, Research Grant: Arrowhead; Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: DAVA, Takeda; Financial Interests, Personal and Institutional, Advisory Board: Exelixis, Merck, NiKang, Novartis; Financial Interests, Personal and Institutional, Invited Speaker: Ipsen; Financial Interests, Personal and Institutional, Principal Investigator: Merck. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Invited Discussant 1451MO, 1452MO and LBA69
- Guillermo Antonio De Velasco Oria (Madrid, Spain)
1736MO - Pure or mixed basal/squamous tumours present decreased outcomes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the GETUG-AFU V05 VESPER trial
- Clarice D. Groeneveld (Paris, France)
Abstract
Background
Molecular subtypes of urothelial carcinoma (UC) may impact the outcomes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Previous studies reported contradictory results in this setting. Here, we assessed pathological response and 3-year (yr) progression free survival (PFS) according to the consensus molecular subtypes for patients in the French prospective Vesper clinical trial (NCT01812369).
Methods
493 patients received dose-dense Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin and Cisplatin (dd-MVAC) or Gemcitabine and Cisplatin (GC) after randomization in the VESPER trial. This ancillary study was restricted to patients treated in neoadjuvant setting. We performed 3’ mRNA sequencing on TURB FFPE tissue, taking multiple samples when morphology and/or multiplexed GATA3 Cytokeratin 5/6 TUBB2a immunostaining highlighted distinct patterns. Consensus molecular subtype was then determined for each area from their transcriptomic profile.
Results
Out of 296 cases, 97 presented intra-tumor immunostaining heterogeneity. For 251 cases, one single molecular subtype was detected within the tumor, including 37 luminal papillary, 60 luminal unstable, 17 luminal non specified, 53 stroma-rich, 81 basal/squamous and 3 neuroendocrine-like. 45 cases were mixed including 2 or more molecular subtypes (27 with basal/squamous component). Pathological response was not statistically different between pure molecular subtypes, but was decreased for the mixed cases (OR=0.43, 95% CI 0.19-0.96, p=0.040). Compared to luminal and stroma-rich subtypes, 3yr PFS was significantly decreased when basal/squamous subtype was detected, either pure or admixed with another molecular type (HR=2.16, 95% CI 1.46-3.20, p<1e-3). Lymphovascular invasion was also found to be a significant risk factor for 3yr PFS (HR=1.91, 95% CI 1.29-2.83, p=0.001), independently from molecular subtype.
Conclusions
In the VESPER trial, the basal/squamous molecular subtype (pure or mixed) is associated with a decreased 3yr PFS after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in comparison with other subtypes. These results suggest the need to develop and validate new therapeutic strategies.
Clinical trial identification
NCT01812369.
Legal entity responsible for the study
The authors.
Funding
Institut National du Cancer (INCa).
Disclosure
All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
1737MO - Tumor and immune features associated with disease-free survival with adjuvant nivolumab in the phase III CheckMate 274 trial
- Andrea Necchi (Milan, Italy)
Abstract
Background
CheckMate 274 (NCT02632409), a phase 3 trial of adjuvant nivolumab (NIVO) vs placebo (PBO) in high-risk muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC) after radical resection, demonstrated improved disease-free survival (DFS) with adjuvant NIVO vs PBO in the intent-to-treat (ITT) and tumor PD-L1 expression ≥ 1% populations. We report exploratory analyses (minimum follow-up, 11.0 months) of associations between pre-treatment tumor and immune features and DFS to identify patients (pts) who may potentially benefit most from adjuvant NIVO.
Methods
Pts were randomized 1:1 to NIVO 240 mg IV every 2 weeks or PBO for ≤ 1 year of adjuvant treatment. Pre-treatment tumor tissue from the most recently resected site or the transurethral resection yielding MIUC diagnosis was provided for biomarker analyses. Tumor mutation burden (TMB; mutations/MB) was measured by whole exome sequencing. CD8+ immune cell infiltration was measured with digital immunohistochemistry (IHC). Gene signature scores were computed from RNA-seq data. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess association between DFS and biomarkers (continuous scale) and estimate treatment-effect hazard ratios (HRs; NIVO vs PBO) for biomarker tertile subgroups.
Results
Of 709 randomized pts, 458, 445, and 323 were evaluable for TMB, CD8 IHC, and RNA-seq. TMB, and CD8 T cell infiltration and IFN-γ signature scores (Table) were positively associated with DFS in the NIVO arm. The associations appeared more pronounced in pts with PD-L1 ≥ 1%. Of these 3 biomarkers, evidence that association with DFS differed between arms was strongest for the IFN-γ signature.
Conclusions
Biomarkers associated with preexisting antitumor immunity were associated with improved DFS with NIVO vs PBO, reinforcing the mechanism for benefit with immunotherapy and extending prior findings in metastatic UC to the adjuvant setting. Multivariable modeling is ongoing. Further validation of these exploratory analyses is warranted. aTwo patients were not evaluable for PD-L1.CI, confidence interval; IFN-γ, interferon gamma.
Population DFS HR (95% CI) Biomarker Overall; n = 445a 0.86 (0.58–1.29) 0.78 (0.51–1.21) 0.55 (0.33–0.90) PD-L1 ≥ 1%; n = 179 0.60 (0.28–1.25) 0.44 (0.21–0.92) 0.36 (0.17–0.78) PD-L1 < 1%; n = 264 1.01 (0.62–1.65) 1.12 (0.64–1.95) 0.81 (0.41–1.59) Overall; n = 323a 1.05 (0.64–1.72) 0.71 (0.42–1.20) 0.28 (0.14–0.54) PD-L1 ≥ 1%; n = 128 0.54 (0.20–1.46) 0.57 (0.23–1.41) 0.12 (0.04–0.41) PD-L1 < 1%; n = 193 1.36 (0.76–2.43) 0.78 (0.40–1.51) 0.57 (0.24–1.33)
Clinical trial identification
NCT02632409.
Editorial acknowledgement
Professional medical writing assistance was provided by Nicolette Belletier, PhD, of Parexel, funded by Bristol Myers Squibb.
Legal entity responsible for the study
Bristol Myers Squibb.
Funding
Bristol Myers Squibb.
Disclosure
A. Necchi: Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Steering Committee Member: Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Janssen, Merck, Roche; Non-Financial Interests, Institutional, Research Grant: AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Gilead, Merck, Ipsen; Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker, Steering Committee Member: Clovis Oncology; Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Coordinating PI: Incyte; Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Local PI: Pfizer; Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Leadership Role: Global society of Rare Genitourinary Tumors (GSRGT). D.F. Bajorin: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board, Advisory board member: Bristol Myers Squibb; Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board, DSMC member: Merck; Non-Financial Interests, Institutional, Other, Local PI: AstraZeneca, Merck, Inc.; Non-Financial Interests, Institutional, Other, Trial Chair: Bristol Myers Squibb. Y. Tomita: Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Astellas, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Ono; Financial Interests, Institutional, Research Grant: Chugai, Ono; Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Advisory Role: Eisai, Ono. D. Enting: Financial Interests, Institutional, Other, Bladder Cancer Preceptorship: Astellas; Financial Interests, Institutional, Advisory Board, Ra223 adboard: Bayer; Financial Interests, Institutional, Invited Speaker, Janssen Prostate Cancer UK Summit: Janssen. A. Peer: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Astellas, Bristol Myers Squibb, Bayer, Janssen, Medison pharma, MSD, Takeda, Teva; Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Astellas, Bristol Myers Squibb, Exelixis, MSD; Financial Interests, Personal, Expert Testimony, and invited speaker: Roche; Non-Financial Interests, Institutional, Research Grant: Sanofi aventis. M. Milowsky: Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Co-Editori-in-Cheif, Clinical Genitourinary Cancer: Elsevier; Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Loxo/Lilly; Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Medscape; Financial Interests, Personal, Stocks/Shares: Gilead Sciences, Merck, Pfizer; Financial Interests, Institutional, Other, local PI: Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology, Alliance Foundation Trials, Arvinas, Bristol Myers Squibb, Clovis Oncology, G1 Therapeutics, Incyte, Merck, Mirati Therapeutics, Regeneron, Roche/Genentech, Seagen. M. Grimm: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eisai, EUSA Pharma, Ipsen Pharma, Merck Serono, MSD, Pfizer, Roche, Takeda; Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Ipsen Pharma, Merck Serono, MSD, Pfizer; Financial Interests, Personal, Member of the Board of Directors: Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Urologie; Financial Interests, Personal and Institutional, Other, Coordinating PI: Bristol Myers Squibb; Financial Interests, Institutional, Other, Local PI: Intuitive Surgical, Novartis. F. Stenner-Liewen: Financial Interests, Institutional, Advisory Board: Bristol Myers Squibb, Ipsen, MSD, Pfizer, Roche; Non-Financial Interests, Institutional, Other, Coordinating PI, translational research support within a study: Bristol Myers Squibb; Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Principal Investigator: Bristol Myers Squibb. J.M. David: Financial Interests, Personal and Institutional, Full or part-time Employment, Employee of BMS: Bristol Myers Squibb; Financial Interests, Personal and Institutional, Ownership Interest, I own shares of the BMS company: Bristol Myers Squibb; Non-Financial Interests, Institutional, Proprietary Information, I am an employee of BMS company: Bristol Myers Squibb. J. Li: Financial Interests, Personal, Full or part-time Employment, full time employee of BMS: Bristol Myers Squibb; Financial Interests, Personal, Stocks/Shares, Own BMS stocks: Bristol Myers Squibb. S.D. Chasalow: Financial Interests, Personal, Full or part-time Employment: Bristol Myers Squibb; Financial Interests, Personal, Stocks/Shares: Bristol Myers Squibb. F. Nasroulah: Financial Interests, Personal, Full or part-time Employment, I am a full time employee of BMS: Bristol Myers Squibb; Financial Interests, Personal, Stocks/Shares, I own stock of BMS: Bristol Myers Squibb. A. Apfel: Financial Interests, Personal, Full or part-time Employment: Bristol Myers Squibb; Financial Interests, Personal, Stocks/Shares, own stock in BMS: Bristol Myers Squibb. K. Unsal-Kacmaz: Financial Interests, Institutional, Full or part-time Employment, Was an employee of BMS at the time of this study: Bristol Myers Squibb; Financial Interests, Institutional, Stocks/Shares: Bristol Myers Squibb. M.D. Galsky: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Alligator, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, EMD Serono, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Incyte, Janssen, Merck, Pfize, Seagen; Other, Personal, Other, Consultant: Rappta Therapeutics; Financial Interests, Institutional, Other, Coordinating PI: AstraZeneca, Jazz; Financial Interests, Institutional, Other, Steering Committee Member: Bristol Myers Squibb, Genentech, Merck; Financial Interests, Institutional, Other, Local PI: Seagen. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Invited Discussant 1736MO and 1737MO
- Michiel S. Van der Heijden (Amsterdam, Netherlands)