Pulmonary complications are common in primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID) and contribute to morbidity and mortality in these patients. However, their varied presentation and a general lack of awareness of PID respiratory specialists and primary care physicians make early diagnosis and treatment difficult. The aim of this study was to define the warning signs of PID in patients with respiratory manifestations, the necessary diagnostic tests, and the therapeutic management of both children and adults.
A review of the literature was performed, and 43 PID interdisciplinary specialists were consulted.
This document identifies the pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations that should prompt a suspicion of PID, the immunological and respiratory tests that should be included in the diagnostic process according to the level of care, recommendations regarding the use of immunoglobulin replacement therapy according to the specific immunodeficiency, and the minimum recommended immunological and pulmonary monitoring in these patients.
This document is the first to combine scientific evidence with the opinion of a broad panel of experts specialized in the treatment and care of patients with immunodeficiencies. It aims to provide a useful guide for all practitioners who are regularly involved in the management of these patients.