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Displaying One Session

Date
Tue, 13.04.2021
Session Time
17:30 - 19:00
Room
Channel 4
Session Description
The Live Q&A of this session will take place in the Live Sessions auditorium. Please refer to the interactive programme for the exact time and channel.

Proposed by the EPA section on Neuroimaging -Brain subregional shrinkage is commonly reported in major affective and non -affective psychosis, but its role in the illness is still poorly understood. In particular, it is unclear how clinical and psychosocial variables relate to brain volumes across the life span.  In particular, longitudinal studies have reported a correlation between larger ventricles, decreased prefrontal volumes and worse outcome in psychoses. This would potentially allow to isolate subtypes of schizophrenia patients with a worse prognosis and more evident biological impairments, ultimately helping in designing specific cognitive rehabilitation. This symposium will focus on the correlations between environmental variables and psychotic and affective disorders. Four international recognised speakers in the field will represent countries from Europe, UK and USA. Prof. Kirkbride will describe whether environmental factors (e.g. urbanicity, migrancy, residential stability) may relate to increased risk of affective and non-affective psychosis. Prof. Fiorillo will delineate the impact of adversities during adolescence on the development of psychosocial disability and mental disorders, and how these can influence their long-term trajectory.  Prof. Brambilla will show the impact of disability and social functioning on brain anatomy in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Prof. Frangou will present data from a nationally representative  cohort of 10,000 children aged 9-10 years in the US, quantifying the effect of being raised in a psychosocially disadvantage environment and delineating the separate and cumulative effect of risk and protective factors. It has finally to be noted that this is an official proposal from the  EPA Neuroimaging Section.

Session Icon
Pre-Recorded with Live Q&A, Section
Symposium: Psychosocial Imaging: Disentangling the Interplay Between Environmental Variables and Psychotic Disorders (ID 297) No Topic Needed

S0173 - Psychosocial Adversity and the Developing Brain: Findings From the ABCD Study on 11,000 US Children

Session Icon
Pre-Recorded with Live Q&A, Section
Date
Tue, 13.04.2021
Session Time
17:30 - 19:00
Room
Channel 4
Lecture Time
17:30 - 17:47

ABSTRACT

Abstract Body

Background: Childhood exposure to social risk has the potential to disrupt brain development and increase vulnerability to adverse mental health outcomes. Here, we examine the effect of adversity on brain structure and psychopathology in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, a US population-based sample of 10 year-olds. Methods: Personal, caregiver, family and neighborhood characteristics were considered in 9299 unrelated children [age: mean (sd)=9.9 y (0.6); 53% males]. Hidden Markov Models were used identify clusters of participants based on their psychosocial exposure. The identified clusters were compared in terms of current psychopathology, lifetime psychiatric diagnosis, intelligence and brain structure. Results: ABCD participants clustered in to a “disadvantaged” group (N=4205) with multiple adverse exposures, and an “enriched” group (N= 5094) with limited exposure to adversity and multiple protective factors. . Compared to the enriched group, the disadvantaged group had higher levels of all types of psychopathology and lifetime psychiatric diagnoses; lower scores on fluid and crystallized intelligence; smaller subcortical volumes; thinner sensorimotor cortices and thicker cortex in frontal regions; smaller surface area in temporal regions and larger surface area in the posterior cingulate cortices (all p<0.05 following Bonferroni correction for multiple testing). Conclusions: Social adversity has significant and wide-ranging consequences for brain development and psychopathology, that shows little specificity for types of symptoms.

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Symposium: Psychosocial Imaging: Disentangling the Interplay Between Environmental Variables and Psychotic Disorders (ID 297) No Topic Needed

S0174 - The Impact of Social Functioning and Disability on Brain Anatomy in Psychotic and Affective Disorders 

Session Icon
Pre-Recorded with Live Q&A, Section
Date
Tue, 13.04.2021
Session Time
17:30 - 19:00
Room
Channel 4
Lecture Time
17:47 - 18:04
Symposium: Psychosocial Imaging: Disentangling the Interplay Between Environmental Variables and Psychotic Disorders (ID 297) No Topic Needed

S0175 - Are Environmental Factors Causally Related to Psychotic Disorders?

Session Icon
Pre-Recorded with Live Q&A, Section
Date
Tue, 13.04.2021
Session Time
17:30 - 19:00
Room
Channel 4
Lecture Time
18:04 - 18:21
Symposium: Psychosocial Imaging: Disentangling the Interplay Between Environmental Variables and Psychotic Disorders (ID 297) No Topic Needed

S0176 - The Complexity of Vulnerability to Psychosis

Session Icon
Pre-Recorded with Live Q&A, Section
Date
Tue, 13.04.2021
Session Time
17:30 - 19:00
Room
Channel 4
Lecture Time
18:21 - 18:38
Presenter

ABSTRACT

Abstract Body

Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder, which has been recently conceptualized as a neurodevelopmental disease. This conceptualization has changed the psychopathological approach to schizophrenia, which is now described as lying on a continuum from mild psychotic experiences to frank psychotic episodes. According to this theory, the presence of psychotic symptoms would represent the final pathway of a complex dysregulation and interaction of different genetic and environmental risk factors.

As regards genetic liability, recent genome-wide association studies have identified a total of 108 loci containing common risk alleles, and which meet genome-wide significance. As regards environmental factors, higher rates of schizophrenia have been found in ethnic minority groups, in persons who are heavy cannabis smokers, in those who suffered from severe childhood traumas, in persons who have been reared in highly deprived settings. The identification of risk factors associated with vulnerability to psychosis is essential for improving our understanding and early detection of vulnerable individuals, and to propose tailored and timely interventions for sufferers. There is the need for an interdisciplinary approach to schizophrenia which includes screening procedures for individuals reporting specific vulnerabilities and treatment strategies tailored on patients’ needs.

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Symposium: Psychosocial Imaging: Disentangling the Interplay Between Environmental Variables and Psychotic Disorders (ID 297) No Topic Needed