Welcome to the EAS 2021 Interactive Program

The congress will officially run on EEST time zone (Eastern European Summer Time, Helsinki, CET+1)

Displaying One Session

Date
Tue, 01.06.2021
Session Time
12:30 - 14:00
Room
Hall B (Live Q&A)

The evolving story of Omega-3 trials and reduction of CVD risk (ID 1297)

Session Type
Lipoproteins and Metabolism
Session Time
12:30 - 14:00
Date
Tue, 01.06.2021
Room
Hall B (Live Q&A)
Lecture Time
12:30 - 12:45

Benefits of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids : from bench to bedside (ID 1298)

Session Type
Lipoproteins and Metabolism
Session Time
12:30 - 14:00
Date
Tue, 01.06.2021
Room
Hall B (Live Q&A)
Lecture Time
12:45 - 13:00

O036 - Differential Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Macrophage Activation in Combination with COX inhibition (ID 138)

Session Type
Lipoproteins and Metabolism
Session Time
12:30 - 14:00
Date
Tue, 01.06.2021
Room
Hall B (Live Q&A)
Lecture Time
13:00 - 13:08

Abstract

Background and Aims

Macrophages contribute to chronic diseases by promoting inflammation. Macrophage activation results in increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression which can be modulated by cyclooxygenase (COX) activity. As both a substrate and potential inhibitor of COX activity, the omega-3 fatty acid EPA may modulate iNOS activity. We investigated the effect of EPA and DHA on iNOS activity in LPS-activated macrophages.

Methods

Murine J774 macrophages were pretreated with vehicle, EPA or DHA over a range of concentrations (1.9µM-50µM) during a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 1.0 µg/ml in DMEM supplemented with 1% FCS. After 24 hr, iNOS activity was assessed by nitrite production using the Griess assay. As a positive control, nitrite measurements with EPA and DHA were compared in combination with the COX inhibitor diclofenac at 100 µM.

Results

Macrophage treatment with LPS increased nitrite levels. EPA treatment reduced LPS-induced nitrite production in a concentration-dependent manner with statistically significant reductions (Figure 1). The inhibitory effects of EPA on iNOS activity were significantly (p<0.0001; two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparisons test, n=9) enhanced at all concentrations in the presence of diclofenac. By contrast, DHA did not significantly reduce LPS induced iNOS activity either in the absence or presence of diclofenac.epa inhibits lps-induced nitrite release that is enhanced with diclofenac.jpg

Conclusions

Our observations that EPA but not DHA reduced macrophage iNOS activity may contribute to our understanding of the reduced cardiovascular events as reported in the REDUCE-IT trial with an EPA only formulation. The ability of EPA to modulate macrophage activity has therapeutic implications for patients with cardiovascular risk.

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O037 - Dietary omega-3 fatty acid reverses age-linked heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (ID 158)

Session Type
Lipoproteins and Metabolism
Session Time
12:30 - 14:00
Date
Tue, 01.06.2021
Room
Hall B (Live Q&A)
Lecture Time
13:08 - 13:16

Abstract

Background and Aims

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is the most common type of HF in aged adults, yet no optimal pharmacological therapy has emerged for improved outcomel in HFpEF. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel effective interventions in the age‐related HFpEF. The plant-derived omega-3-fatty-acid α-linolenic-acid (ALA) has emerged to confer potential protective effects in cardiovascular disease. Our recent findings reveal that lifelong dietary ALA dampens thrombotic and cerebrovascular events in aged mice. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the reversal of age-related HFpEF phenotype by long-term nutritional ALA supplementation.

Methods

6-month-old (young) wild-type C57BL/6J mice were fed a low, as control, or high ALA diet for more than 12 months. Here, we show that aged (>18 months) mice on low ALA diet recapitulate major hallmarks of HFpEF, including diastolic dysfunction with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, cardiac interstitial fibrosis, impaired acetylcholine-induced relaxation of aortic segments, and arterial stiffness.

Results

Intriguingly, we revealed that long-term ALA-rich diet reverses diastolic dysfunction, vascular relaxation capacity, reduced pulse wave velocity, interstitial cardiac fibrosis, and coincident hemodynamic abnormalities in aged mice. These findings are accompanied by blunting of inflammatory responses and a remarkable reduction in the expression of matrix-metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) by high ALA diet.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate previously unrecognized protective effects of dietary ALA against impaired cardiovascular functional outcomes and cardiac structural changes typical of HFpEF in aged mice. Taken together, these data support the ALA-based nutritional intervention as a safe, plant derived and easily accessible therapeutic strategy for age-related HFpEF.

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O038 - Dietary-derived antioxidants do not decrease the risk of ischemic stroke: a Mendelian Randomization study (ID 488)

Session Type
Lipoproteins and Metabolism
Session Time
12:30 - 14:00
Date
Tue, 01.06.2021
Room
Hall B (Live Q&A)
Lecture Time
13:16 - 13:24

Abstract

Background and Aims

In observational studies, dietary intake, as dietary components or supplements, and blood concentrations of vitamin E, C, lycopene and carotenoids were associated with a lower risk of ischemic stroke. However, these studies were prone to residual confounding and reverse causation, and thereby limit the ability for causal inference. We investigated the associations between genetically-determined antioxidant concentrations and ischemic stroke using Mendelian Randomization.

Methods

For each circulating antioxidant (vitamin E, C, lycopene, β-carotene and retinol), which were assessed as absolute levels and/or metabolites, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were retrieved from earlier genomics studies and used as genetic instrument variables. We obtained summary statistics for gene-stroke associations from three European-ancestry cohorts (cases/controls): MEGASTROKE (67 162/454 450), UK Biobank (2404/368771) and FinnGen study (4026/90211). MR analyses were performed on each exposure per outcome database using inverse-variance weighted analyses, and subsequently meta-analyzed.

Results

In a combined sample of 986 964 individuals (73 592 cases), none of the genetically-determined absolute antioxidants or antioxidant metabolite concentrations were causally associated with the risk of ischemic stroke. For absolute antioxidants, the odds ratios (95% CI) ranged between 1.00 (95% CI: 0.99 to 1.01) for vitamin C and 1.06 (95% CI: 0.74 to 1.52) for retinol. For metabolites, they ranged between 1.00 (95% CI: 0.98 to 1.03) for vitamin C and 1.17 (95% CI: 0.92 to 1.49) for vitamin E.

Conclusions

Our study did not provide evidence supporting a causal association between dietary-derived antioxidant levels and ischemic stroke. Therefore, taking antioxidant supplementation seems unlikely to be of clinical benefit to prevent ischemic stroke.

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O039 - Comparison Of Two Recent Ceramide-based Coronary Risk Prediction Scores: CERT And CERT-2 (ID 244)

Session Type
Lipoproteins and Metabolism
Session Time
12:30 - 14:00
Date
Tue, 01.06.2021
Room
Hall B (Live Q&A)
Lecture Time
13:24 - 13:32

Abstract

Background and Aims

The Coronary Event Risk Test (CERT) is a validated cardiovascular risk predictor that uses circulating ceramide concentrations to allocate patients into one of four risk categories. This test has recently been updated (CERT-2), now additionally including phosphatidylcholine concentrations.

Methods

We investigated the power of CERT and CERT-2 to predict cardiovascular mortality in 999 patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Results

cert.jpgOverall, comparing survival curves (figure) for over 12 years of follow up and the predictive power of survival models using net reclassification improvement (NRI), CERT-2 was the best predictor of cardiovascular mortality, surpassing CERT (NRI=0.456; p=0.01) and also the 2019 ESC-SCORE (NRI=0.163; p=0.04). Patients in the highest risk category of CERT as compared to the lowest category had a HR of 3.63 [2.09-6.30] for cardiovascular death; for CERT-2 the corresponding HR was 6.02 [2.47-14.64]. Among patients with T2DM (n=322), the HR for cardiovascular death was 3.00 [1.44-6.23] using CERT and 7.06 [1.64-30.50] using CERT‑2; the corresponding HRs among non-diabetic subjects were 2.99 [1.20-7.46] and 3.43 [1.03-11.43], respectively.

Conclusions

We conclude that both, CERT and CERT-2 scores are powerful predictors of cardiovascular mortality in CVD patients, especially in those patients with T2D. Performance is even higher with CERT-2.

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O040 - Adherence to established Danish dietary guidelines and risk of dementia - a prospective cohort study of 94,184 individuals (ID 1093)

Session Type
Lipoproteins and Metabolism
Session Time
12:30 - 14:00
Date
Tue, 01.06.2021
Room
Hall B (Live Q&A)
Lecture Time
13:32 - 13:40

Abstract

Background and Aims

Recent estimates suggest that up to 40% of all dementia cases may be preventable, primarily by treating or acting on well-established cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and physical inactivity. Whether adherence to dietary guidelines contributes to improved cognitive health remains unknown.

Methods

We tested whether non-adherence to national dietary guidelines was associated with risk of non-Alzheimer’s dementia a dementia subtype related with vascular risk factors - and Alzheimer’s disease in 94,184 individuals from the prospective Copenhagen General Population Study. As a positive control we tested whether non-adherence to dietary guidelines was associated with vascular diseases including ischemic cerebrovascular disease(ICVD) and ischemic heart disease(IHD).

Results

Low adherence to dietary guidelines was associated with an atherogenic lipid profile including significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, remnant cholesterol and apoB(P-values from 9.3x10-228 to 1.8x10-8). We found that the hazard ratio for low adherence versus high adherence to dietary guidelines was 1.54(95% confidence interval 1.18-2.00) for non-Alzheimer’s dementia in an age and sex adjusted model. In a multifactorial adjusted model, the corresponding value was 1.43(1.00-1.80). We did not observe any association with Alzheimer’s disease. As expected, our positive control showed that low adherence to dietary guidelines was associated with significantly increased risk of ICVD and IHD in multifactorial adjusted models.

Conclusions

The present study provides evidence for preventing the part of dementia that is mainly due to vascular factors, and that focusing on implementation of national dietary guidelines will be of major importance for improved individual and public health.

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Live Q&A (ID 1545)

Session Type
Lipoproteins and Metabolism
Session Time
12:30 - 14:00
Date
Tue, 01.06.2021
Room
Hall B (Live Q&A)
Lecture Time
13:40 - 13:55