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Abstract Body

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a very common condition in the neonates. The prevalence of AKI in this population of children is around 30% and the mortality is up to 80%. The golden standard for defining AKI is following the changes of the serum creatinine (sCr) and the diuresis. The most of the neonates have a nonoliguric AKI, and the interpretation of sCr is very complicated in the neonates so it makes it more difficult to achieve a consensus regarding the AKI definition. Hence, the research has focused on identifying new biomarkers that would help diagnose AKI only a couple of hours or even days before the reduction of the diuresis or the increase of SCr. The studies examining AKI biomarkers in the neonates are scarce and are usually referring to a specific subpopulation of the neonates (neonates that are undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, very low and extremely low birth weight neonates, neonates with perinatal asphyxia and those with sepsis). Additional difficulties in finding the ideal biomarker for AKI detection is the fact that the concentration of some of the biomarkers depends on the gestational and postnatal age and birth weight. In recent studies, the most promising early noninvasive neonatal AKI biomarkers were serum cystatin C, urinary interleukin 18, serum and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, kidney injury molecule-1, osteopontin, angiotensinogen and beta-2 microglobulin.

The previous studies are promising and focused on finding and using a panel of validated novel urinary biomarkers for the early diagnose of neonatal AKI.