Research training and capacity building in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) have been critical to understanding and effectively preventing and treating HIV infection and AIDS. This session will highlight successes and lessons learned from training and capacity programs over the past three decades and stimulate discussion on future activities to local ownership and sustainability. The panel will feature early-career current of recent LMIC trainees as well as LMIC senior mentors and organizational heads who can talk about needs and opportunities that can be harnessed for sustained growth of the research environment. The symposium is organized by the Fogarty International Center of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, which has been supporting HIV research training for more than 30 years, and is seeking input for continued support of the research training and capacity building efforts.