Alžběta Šejnoha-Minsterová, Czech Republic
Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University Applied Neuroscience Research GroupAuthor Of 2 Presentations
DANCE INTERVENTION-INDUCED CHANGES IN FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY ARE MODERATED BY COGNITIVE RESERVE
Abstract
Aims
Dance is a sensorimotor and cognitive activity providing variety of positive effects for elderly. Our previous research revealed positive behavioral effects of dance intervention(DI) on attention, executive function, and fitness in non-demented elderly. Here we explored whether DI-induced changes in functional connectivity(rsFC) of brain networks are moderated by cognitive reserve(CR).
Methods
68 non-demented elderly were analysed: 36 in DI group and 32 controls. All participants underwent cognitive and fitness testing and (f)MRI at baseline and six months after DI. Moderation analyses tested the effect of the CR (moderator, years of education-YoE) on the relationship between the DI/controls and change in the rs-FC of sensorimotor network (SMN), dorsal attention network (DAN), their interconnectivity.
Results
The SMN and the SMN-DAN rs-FC significantly improved in the DI group relative to the control group, this change depended on CR. DI significantly contributed to improved rs-FC of SMN t(64) = 3.20; p = 002) and SMN-DAN t(64) = 2.28; p = 026) when the education was 1 SD above the mean (≥17.5 YoE; p < .05), but not when it was at the mean/below the mean (p = > .17). The CR*DI moderator, nor the separate variables predicted change in DAN.
Conclusions
The magnitude of DI-induced increases of rs-FC within the SMN and the SMN-DAN networks, engaged in movement execution and attention, is dependent on high CR. The relationship between the intervention and brain changes dissolved with low CR, so this is important as it shows the degree of CR linked to differing ability to benefit from DI.
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF NON-INVASIVE BRAIN STIMULATION ON HYPOKINETIC DYSARTHRIA IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE
Abstract
Aims
Hypokinetic dysarthria is a common symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD) which does not respond well to PD treatments. We investigated the long-term effects of multiple-session repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on hypokinetic dysarthria in PD.
Methods
A randomized parallel-group sham stimulation-controlled design was used. Patients were randomly assigned to ten sessions of real (1 Hz) or sham stimulation over the right superior temporal gyrus (STG). Stimulation effects were evaluated at weeks 2, 6, and 10 after the baseline assessment. Articulation, prosody, and speech intelligibility were quantified by speech therapist using a validated tool (Phonetics score). Activations of the speech network regions, structural and functional connectivity were measured.
Results
Altogether 33 PD patients completed the study. Linear mixed model showed significant time-by-group interactions for the Phonetics score (p = 0.040). Real as compared to sham stimulation led to increased activations of the left orofacial sensorimotor cortex (OFSM1) (p = 0.032) and left caudate nucleus (p = 0.029) and to increased intrinsic connectivity of the OFSM1 with the stimulated area (p = 0.045). A significant positive correlation was found between the temporal evolution of the Phonetics score and the STG-OFSM1 functional connectivity changes in the real stimulation group (R = 0.449, p = 0.013). DTI analysis revealed that real as compared to sham stimulation significantly increased fractional anisotropy and decreased mean diffusivity in the left anterior arcuate fasciculus (p = 0.002; p = 0.036).
Conclusions
This is the first study to show the long-lasting clinically relevant effects of low-frequency rTMS on hypokinetic dysarthria in PD.